ُthe affixes

 

 

 

 

The affixes listed below can be used to give a word a negative or opposite meaning.  ahistorical amoral apolitical asexual asymmetrical atonal

This is pronounced as /eI                                                                                           

 

 

 

 

                                                                            

anti- (to stop)	anti- (opposing)	anti- (not)
anti-aircraft antibacterial antibiotic antibody antifreeze anti-tank anti-viral anti-wrinkle anti-terrorist	anti-nuclear anti-racist anti-Semitism anti-apartheid anti-establishment anti-abortion anti-government anti-smoking	antimatter antisocial anticlimax anticlockwise

An anti-hero is a character (usually in books or films) who behaves in a way that you wouldn't expect of a hero.

Anti can also be used informally as an adjective:

·  The locals are very anti when it comes to road building.
(They are opposed to road building.)

counter- (in response/against)
counteract counter-attack counterbalance counter-claims counterculture counterinsurgency counterintelligence countermeasures counteroffensive	counter-revolutionary counterterrorism counter-bid countercharges countermeasures counterproposal counter-argument counter-espionage

de- (take away)

debug decaffeinated decode decontaminate defrost dehumanise dehydrate demilitarise denationalise depersonalised depoliticise desensitise

dis- (not)	dis- (opposite)	dis- (take away)
disadvantage disagree disallow disapprove disbelief discomfort discontented dishonest disincentive disinclined dislike disobedient disorderly disorganised disproportionate disrespect dissatisfied	disembark disinformation disappear dismount	disarm disconnect disinfect displace dispossessed

Discolour means to make or become a different, worse colour.

A disclaimer is a statement that says that you are not responsible for something.

ill- (bad)
ill-advised ill-bred ill-conceived ill-fated ill-founded ill-health ill-judged ill-treated ill-used ill-defined			ill-equipped ill-fitting ill-effects ill-mannered ill-prepared ill-will ill-informed ill-timed ill-suited
il- (not)
illegal illegible illegitimate illiberal illiterate illogical
im- (not)
immature immobile immodest immoral immortal	impatient imperceptible imperfections impervious impersonal implausible impolite impossible impractical imprecise improbable imprudent impure impotent impartial			imbalance

This affix only appears before b, p and m.

im- (not)

inaccessible inadequate inappropriate inarticulate incompatible incompetent inconsiderate inconvenient incorrect indecent

indiscreet inexcusable inexpensive informal inhumane inoffensive insane insecure insincere invalid

Inflammable describes something that is flammable (easy to set fire to).

Infamous describes a person or thing that is famous for being bad.

A joke for you

“I’m in love with two girls. One is very beautiful but has no money, the other is ugly and has lots of money. Who should I marry

“ Well, I’m sure that you must really love the beautiful one, so I think you should marry her.”

“OK, thank you very much for your advice.”

“Don’t mention it. By the way, I wonder if you could give me the name and telephone number of the other girl

Adjectives for people

Adjectives for people

A

angry: "She was angry with her boss for criticising her work."

annoyed: "I'm very annoyed with him. He hasn't returned any of my calls."

"She was annoyed by his comments."

appalled = very shocked: "They were appalled to hear that they would lose their jobs."

apprehensive = slightly worried: "I felt a little apprehensive before my interview."

ashamed: "How could you say such a thing? You should be ashamed of yourself!"

at the end of your tether = completely fed up: "The children have been misbehaving all day - I'm at the end of my tether."

B

bewildered = very confused: "He was bewildered by the choice of computers in the shop."

betrayed = when someone breaks the trust you have in them: "He betrayed my trust when he repeated my secret to everyone."

C

confused: "I'm sorry I forgot your birthday - I was confused about the dates."

confident = sure of your abilities: "I'm confident that we can find a solution to this problem."

cheated = when you don't get something that you think you deserve: "Of course I feel cheated - I should have won that competition."

cross = quite angry: "I was cross with him for not helping me, as he said he would."

D

depressed = very sad: "After he failed his English exam, he was depressed for a week."

delighted = very happy: "I'm delighted that I got the job. It's just what I always wanted."

down in the dumps = sad and fed up: "What's the matter with him? He's so down in the dumps these days."

disappointed: "She was disappointed by her son's poor results at school."

E

ecstatic = extremely happy: "When he asked her to marry him she was ecstatic."

excited: "I'm excited by the new opportunities that the internet brings."

emotional = you have strong feelings (happy or sad) and you cry: "When he heard the news, he became quite emotional."

envious = when you want something that someone else has: "I'm very envious of her happiness - I wish I was happy too."

embarrassed = slightly ashamed: "I felt so embarrassed that I went bright red."

F

furious =very angry: "I was furious with him for breaking my favourite vase."

frightened: "As a child she was frightened of the dark."

G

great = very good: "I feel great today!"

H

happy: "She was happy to hear the good news."

horrified = very shocked: "I'm horrified by the amount of violence on television today."

I

irritated = annoyed: "I get so irritated when he changes TV channels without asking me first."

intrigued = being so interested in something you have to find out more: "I'm intrigued to hear about your safari in Kenya."

J

jealous = envious: "She was jealous of her sister's new toy."

jaded = tired and having no interest: "After 10 years at this company, I just feel jaded."

K

keen: "I'm keen to see your new house - I've heard lots about it."

"I'm keen on keeping fit."

L

lazy: "I can't be bothered to do anything today - I feel really lazy!"

lucky: "I'm going to play the lottery - I feel lucky today!"

let down = disappointed: "When you didn't turn up to the meeting, I felt really let down."

M

maternal = feeling like a mother: "Looking at my sister's new baby made me feel really maternal."

N

nonplussed = so surprised that you don't know what to do next: "I was so nonplussed by his announcement that I couldn't say anything."

negative = when you can only see the disadvantages: "I feel very negative about my job - the pay is awful."

O

overwhelmed = so much emotion that you don't know what to say or do: "I was overwhelmed by the offer of promotion at work."

over the moon = delighted: "She was over the moon with her new bicycle and rode it every day for a whole year."

P

positive = opposite of negative - seeing the good side of something: "She's a very positive person and never lets anything get her down."

positive = very sure: "Are you sure that's what you want? Yes - I'm positive."

R

relaxed: "I was completely relaxed after I came back from holiday."

reluctant = when you don't want to do something: "I'm reluctant to buy a new car - the one we have is fine."

S

seething = extremely angry, but hiding it: "She was seething after her boss criticised her."

sad: "It makes me sad to see all those animals in cages at the zoo."

scared = frightened: "Are you scared of heights?"

stressed = being worried or anxious about something so you can't relax: "I feel really stressed at work - I need a break."

"He was stressed out by all the travelling in his job."

T

terrific = fantastic: "I feel terrific today!"

terrible = ill or tired: "I've got a blinding headache and I feel terrible."

terrified = very scared: "She's terrified of spiders and screams whenever she sees one."

tense = not relaxed: "You look a bit tense. Did you have a bad day at work?"

U

upset = angry or unhappy: "I'm sorry you're upset - I didn't mean to be rude."

unhappy = sad: "I was unhappy to hear that I hadn't got the job."

V

victimised = to feel you are the victim of someone or something: "My boss kept criticising me and not the others, so I felt quite victimised."

W

wonderful = great: "I felt wonderful after such a relaxing weekend."

fear

Acrophobia means fear of heights
Aerophobia means fear of flying  
Agoraphobia means fear of open spaces
Aichmophobia means fear of sharp pointed objects
Ailurophobia means fear of cats
Amaxophobia means fear of vehicles
Anthropophobia means fear of people
Aquaphobia means fear of water
Arachnephobia means fear of spiders
Astraphobia means fear of lightning
Batrachophobia means fear of frogs
Blennophobia means fear of Slime
Brontophobia means fear of thunder
Carcinophobia means fear of cancer
Claustrophobia means fear of closed spaces
Clinophobia means fear of going to bed
Cynophobia means fear of dogs
Dementophobia means fear of insanity
Dromophobia means fear of crossing streets
Emetophobia means fear of vomiting
Entomophobia means fear of insects
Genophobia means fear of sex
Gephyrophobia means fear of crossing bridges
Hematophobia means fear of blood
Herpetophobia means fear of reptiles
Homilophobia means fear of sermons
Linonophobia means fear of string
Monophobia means fear of being alone
Musophobia means fear of mice
Mysophobia means fear of dirt and germs
Nudophobia means fear of nudity
Numerophobia means fear of numbers
Nyctophobia means fear of darkness
Ochlophobia means fear of crowds
Ophidiophobia means fear of snakes
Ornithophobia means fear of birds
Phasmophobia means fear of ghosts
Phobophobia means fear of phobia
Pnigophobia means fear of choking
Pogonophobia means fear of beards
Pyrophobia means fear of fire
Siderodromophobia means fear of trains
Taphephobia means fear of being buried alive
Thanatophobia means fear of death
Trichophobia means fear of hair
Triskaidekaphobia means fear of the number 13
Trypanophobia means fear of injections
Xenophobia means fear of strangers
Zoophobia means fear of animals

WORD LIST 2

WORD LIST

Movies

1. genre/kind

2. horror

3. comedy

4. drama

5. animated

6. critic

7. review

8. trailers

9. ratings

10. character

11. movie buff

WORD LIST

WORD LIST

Food

1. ethnic foods

2. junk food

3. disgusting

4. brunch

5. pot-luck meal

6. death row

7. super-sizing

8. vegetarian

9. portion

10. recipe

11. ingredients

1. Eat out: Have a meal outside one’s home, usually dinner at a restaurant

2. Eat in: Have a meal at home

3. Dine and dash: A form of theft where a patron eats at a restaurant and then leaves without paying

4. Generation to generation: Passed on from parents to children

5. Food for thought: an idea or issue to think about

6. Whet your appetite: arouse one’s interest or eagerness

7. Eat like a bird: Eat very little

8. Recipe for disaster: A combination of people or factors in a situation that will certainly cause failure

9. Free lunch: Something gained without any effort or cost (often used in a negative way)

sorry for - sorry to do

sorry for - sorry to do

'Sorry for / about + ing' refers to past events. 'Sorry to do' refers to present situations.

Example Sentences

I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I can't come to the party.
I'm sorry for disturbing you yesterday

word categories

Please help me to increase these words

Things Made Up of Small Pieces

Grass	dirt	oatmeal	salt
barley	flour	oregano	sand
cinnamon	gravel	pepper*	spinach
corn	hair	popcorn	sugar
cornmeal	lettuce	rice	tapioca

Wholes Composed of Individual Parts

Collection	Sample Component
Mail	letter
baggage	suitcase
cash	dollar bill
clothing	shirt
food	sandwich
fruit	strawberry
furniture	table
garbage	banana peel
jewelry	necklace
lumber	board
machinery	gear
merchandise	microwave
pay	dollars and cents
scenery	waterfall

Rules for Irregular Spelling of Verb Inflections

Doubling of Consonants 

 If the base form ends in a single consonant and the preceding vowel is stressed and spelled with only one letter, double the consonant before adding -ing and -ed

occur/occurring, swim/swimming, ship/shipping 

 If the preceding vowel is unstressed or spelled with two vowels, do not double the consonant

enter/entering, visit/visiting, develop/developing, dread/dreading, 

appeal/appealing, shout/shouting

 If the base form ends in -c, change the -c to -ck

panic/panicking, picnic/picnicking

 There are exceptions with some verbs ending in -l, -m, and -p

travel--traveling or travelling
program--programing or programming
worship--worshiping or worshipping

---

Deletion or Addition of -e 

 If the base form ends in an unpronounced -e, drop the -e before adding -ing and -ed inflections

create/creating, type/typing, bake/baking

 For monosyllabic verbs ending in -ye, -oe, or -nge, keep the final -e before -ing, but drop it before -ed

dye--dyeing/dyed
hoe--hoeing/hoed
singe--singeing/singed

 If the base form ends in -ie or -ee, drop the final -e before -ed

die/died, agree/agreed, tie/tied

 If the verb ends in -s, -z, -x, -sh, and -ch, add -e before the -s ending

pass/passes, buzz/buzzes, coax/coaxes, wash/washes, watch/watches

---

Treatment of -y 

 If the base form ends in -y, change the -y to -ie

carry/carries, try/tries

 If the base form ends in -ed, change the -y to -i

carry/carried, try/tried

 Following a vowel or preceding -ing, the -y remains

stay/stayed, toy/toying, try/trying, carry/carrying

 If the base form ends in -ie, change the -ie to -y before -ing

die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying

Verb+Preposition Combinations

Verb	Preposition
account	for
accuse (someone)	of
adapt	to
add	to
adjust	to
agree	on (something)
agree	to (something)
agree	with (someone)
apologize	for (something)
apologize	to (someone)
apply	for
approve	of
argue	with (someone)
argue	about (something)
arrive	at
ask	for
become	of
believe	in
belong	to
blame (someone)	for (something)
blame (something)	on (something)
borrow	from
care	about
care	for
catch	up with (?)
come	from
comment	on
communicate	with
compare	with
complain	about
compliment (someone)	on
congratulate	on
concentrate	on
consent	to
consist	of
convince (someone)	of (something)
deal	with
decide	between
decide	on
depend	on
(dis)approve	of
dream	about, of
excuse (someone)	for
explain (something)	to
feel	like
forget	about
forgive (someone)	for
get	along with
get	back from
get rid	of
get	through with
get used	to
happen	to
have confidence	in
have influence	over
have an opportunity	for
have patience	with
have a reason	for
hear	about
hear	from
hear	of
insist	on
introduce	to
invite (someone)	to
keep	for, from
keep	on
laugh	about
laugh	at
learn	about
listen	for
listen	to
look	at
look	for
look forward	to
object	to
participate	in
pay	for
plan	on
prefer	to
prepare	for
prevent	from
provide	for
provide (someone)	with
recover	from
refer	to
relate	to
rely	on
remind (someone)	of
search	for
see	about
send	for
separate	from
show	up at
speak	about
spend (money)	on
stop	from
substitute	for
subtract	from
succeed	in
suspect (someone)	of
take advantage	of
take care	of
talk	about
talk	over
talk	to
thank (someone)	for
think	about
think	of
throw	away
vote	for
wait	for
warn	about
waste (money)	on
wish	for
work	for
worry	about

Rules for Irregular Plural Formation of Nouns

Variations of the final -s rule

• Nouns that end with -s, -z, -x, -sh, -ch 

Add -es

glass/glasses, buzz/buzzes, box/boxes, bush/bushes, switch/switches
 

• Nouns that end in -o 

  
  Add -es

  potato/potatoes, echo/echoes, hero/heroes

  exceptions: studio/studios, piano/pianos, kangaroo/kangaroos, zoo/zoos

  either: buffalo/buffalo(e)s, cargo/cargo(e)s, motto/motto(e)s, 

  volcano/volcano(e)s
  
  

• Nouns that end in a consonant + -y 

  
  Change -y to -i and add -es

  baby/babies, spy/spies, poppy/poppies
  
  

• Nouns that end in -f, or -fe 

  
  Change the -f to -v and add -es
  
  

  shelf/shelves, wolf/wolves, knife/knives, wife/wives

Nouns adopted from other languages

• Singular ends in -is 

  
  Plural ends in -es

  analysis/analyses, basis/bases
  
  

• Singular ends in -um 

  
  Plural ends in -a

  datum/data, curriculum/curricula
  
  

• Singular ends in -on 

  
  Plural ends in -a

  criterion/criteria, phenomenon/phenomena
  
  

• Singular ends in -a 

  
  Plural ends in -ae

  formula/formulae, antenna/antennae
  
  

• Singular ends in -ex or -ix 

  
  Plural ends in -ices

  appendix/appendices, index/indices
  
  

• Singular ends in -us 

  
  Plural ends in -i

  focus/foci, stimulus/stimuli
  
  

• Singular ends in -us 

  
  Plural ends in -a

  corpus/corpora, genus/genera
  
  

• Singular ends in -eau 

  
  Plural ends in -eaux

  bureau/bureaux, beau/beaux

Nouns that have only a plural form and so take a plural verb

• Things that come in pairs 

  
  Tools: glasses, scissors, binoculars, forceps, tongs, tweezers

  Clothes: jeans, pants, pajamas, shorts, trousers
  
  

• Nouns that end in -s but have no singular _aggregate nouns

  
  accommodations, amends, archives, arms (weapons), bowels, intestines 

  brains (intellect), clothes, communications, congratulations, contents 

  stairs, thanks, goods
  
  

• Nouns that are plural but do not end in -s 

  
  people, police, cattle, people

َA joke for you

A man goes to the doctor and says, "Doctor, wherever I touch, it hurts."
The doctor asks, "What do you mean"
The man says, "When I touch my shoulder, it really hurts. If I touch my knee - OUCH! When I touch my forehead, it really, really hurts."
The doctor says, "I know what's wrong with you - you've broken your finger"

COLLOCATIONS with COMMON VERBS

do	make	have	take	give
a crossword damage a degree the dishes an exam the food for a party French at school the garden your hair 'Hamlet' your homework judo miles per hour nothing Fans a photocopy research a sketch a translation the washing some writing	an appointment an attempt the bed a cake changes a decision dinner an effort a film a fuss a guess an impression a mark a mess a mistake money a noise peace a photocopy progress a promise a sketch a speech a suggestion your will	an accident an argument a bath a break breakfast cancer a chat a cold difficulty a drink a feeling fun a guess a heart attack a holiday an idea an interest a look a meeting a party a nap an operation patience problems a shock a snack time	action a bath a bite a break the bus a decision a deep breath sb's details a dislike to sb an exam a guess a holiday an interest in sth a look a nap notes a photo size 10 a tablet sb's temperature a walk	sb an answer sb a chance a cry of pain sb a headache sb help sb an idea the impression that... sb a kiss sb lessons sb a lift your opinion a party a performance sth a polish sb a present priority to sth sb a push sb a shock a sigh a speech some thought to sth a welcome to sb

Education Vocabulary for U.S. Schools

Type of School Student is called... Degree Earned University has undergraduate & graduate school      a graduate student Graduate Degree PhD. = Doctor of Philosophy     M.A. = Master of Arts      M.S. = Master of Science College = 4-Year-College an undergraduate student = a senior a junior a sophomore a freshman Bachelor's Degree     B.A. = Bachelor of Arts     B.S. = Bachelor of Science Junior College = Community College = 2-Year-College a sophomore a freshman Associate's Degree     A.A. = Associate of Arts   A.S. = Associate of Science High School A senior is in twelfth grade. A junior is in eleventh grade. A sophomore is in tenth grade. A freshman is in ninth grade.   High School Diploma Junior High School = Middle School an eighth-grade student a seventh-grade student Elementary School = Grammar School = Primary School a sixth-grade student / pupil a fifth-grade student / pupil a fourth-grade student / pupil a third-grade student / pupil a second-grade student / pupil a first-grade student / pupil Kindergarten Pre-School Nursery School a kindergartner a pre-schooler

Riddles

Riddles of Alphabet

Q: What letter of the alphabet is an insect
A: B. (bee)

Q: What letter is a part of the head
A: I. (eye)

Q: What letter is a drink
A: T. (tea)

Q: What letter is a body of water
A: C. (sea)

Q: What letter is a pronoun like "you"
A: The letter " I 

Q: What letter is a vegetable
A: P. (pea

Q: What letter is an exclamation
A: O. (oh

Q: What letter is a European bird
A: J    jay. 

Q: What letter is looking for causes 
A: Y. (why

Q: What four letters frighten a thief
A: O.I.C.U. (Oh I see you

Q: What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not once in a thousand years
A: The letter "m".

Q: Why is the letter "T" like an island 
A: Because it is in the middle of waTer.

Q: In what way can the letter "A" help a deaf lady
A: It can make "her" "hear.

Q: Which is the loudest vowel
A: The letter "I". It is always in the midst of noise

Q: What way are the letter "A" and "noon" alike
A: Both of them are in the middle of the "day".

Q: Why is "U" the happiest letter
A: Because it is in the middle of "fun".

Q: What word of only three syllables contains 26 letters
A: Alphabet = (26 letters

Q: What relatives are dependent on "you"
A: Aunt, uncle, cousin. They all need "U".

Q: What is the end of everything
A: The letter "g".

َA joke for you

The First 3 Years of Marriage

In the first year of marriage, the man speaks and the woman listens

In the second year, the woman speaks and the man listens

In the third year, they both speak and the neighbors listen

Conversations on the phone

Communication

• You're so difficult to get through to
• I kept getting a busy signal
• Is your phone out of order
• My telephone was disconnected
• We seem to have a bad connection on this phone
• Would you care to leave a message
• He's out to lunch?  Would you like to leave a message 
• Let me get back to you in a few minutes
• I've put him on hold
• I tried to get a hold of him last night, but it was so difficult to get through  
•  Maybe he was on the net
• No wonder the linewas busyall the time
•  Maybe he ought toget another line  _or he should get call-waiting  

Telephone Service

I'd like to get telephone service

I'd like to have a phone installed

I'd like to have my phone disconnected

نوشته ها

A nice text by a nice reader!!! 

Shakespeare:

If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she ever comes back, she's yours,
If she doesn't, here's the poison, suicide yourself for her.

Optimist:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
Don't worry, she will come back.

Suspicious:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she ever comes back, ask her why.

Impatient:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she doesn't come back within some time forget her.

Patient:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she doesn't come back, continue to wait until she comes back.


Playful:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she comes back, and if you love her still,
Set her free again,
Repeat

Animal-Rights Activist:
If you love someone,
Set her free…
In fact, all living creatures deserve to be free!!


Lawyers:
If you love someone,
Set her free…
Clause 1a of Paragraph 13a-1 in the second
Amendment of the Matrimonial Freedom Act clearly states that....

Bill Gates:
If you love someone,
Set her free…
If she comes back, I think we can charge her for But tell her that she's also going to get an upgrade.

Biologist:
If you love someone,
Set her free…
She'll evolve.

Statisticians:
If you love someone,
Set her free …
If she loves you, the probability of her coming back is high
If she doesn't, the Weibull distribution and your relation were improbable anyway.


Salesman:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she ever comes back, deal!
If she doesn't, so what! ''NEXT''.

Schwarzenegger's fans:
If you love someone,
Set her free …
SHE'LL BE BACK!

Insurance agent:
If you love someone,
Show her the plan....
If she ever comes back, sign her up,
If she doesn't, keep follow up with her and never give up!

Physician:
If you love someone,
Set her free....
If she ever comes back, it's the law of gravity,
If she doesn't, either there's friction higher than the force or the angle of collision between two objects did not synchronize at the right angle.

Expressionsand sentences about the emotions

Expressionsand sentences about the emotions

Anger 

• I can stand him any longer
• Don't take it out on me
• No wonder you're livid

He flared up at me

• Even the mention of his name starts me fuming
•  think you need to let off some steam.  Besides, you shouldn't keep your feelings pent up.  They'll eat you alive.  So, talk to me

No wonder you're livid.  I'd be mad, too if someone ripped me off like that

The boss is being unreasonable!  He flared up at me, making a mountain out of molehill

I know he has the blues, but it doesn't mean he can vent his anger on me

I went to his office to ask him for some help, and he simply turned up his nose at me!  I was so angry that I wanted to slap him!  He wasn't like that before he got the job.   Now he's such a snob

You want my advice?  Let it go

Of course, logically I know you're right, but somehow I just can't bring myself to forget it  

Expressionsand sentences about the weather

Expressionsand sentences about heat

• Oh, my! The whole world is broiling
• You've got to drink a lot of fluids
• Oh, the heat is unbearable
• The water just goes off without a warning
•  It's really hot!  I've never seen such scorching weatherin my life
• look at the thermometer!  The temperature has hit 98.I just hope it'll level off 
• You can't stay in the heat for long
• Nobody can stand this kind of scorching heat 
• You can't even stay in the sun for five minutes 
• You'll be scorched like a shrivelled plant 
• I don't want to be taken to the hospital for heat exhaustion or sunstroke or something 
• Got to drink a lot of fluids.