vocabulary

Dreaded: (adj) used before something that makes you feel anxious or afraid – something you are not looking forward to
Residential: describing an area where people live, as opposed to ‘commercial’ which refers to an area where business takes place
Shady: how it is usually underneath trees, where the sun is partially blocked. Often cool.
Striking: unusual or interesting enough to be easily seen or noticed
Storey: a floor of a building – e.g. I live on the third storey
A flat: UK English for an apartment, a house on one floor of a building
To be keen on an idea: to like an idea, to think it is a good idea
Handy: useful
Fab: short for ‘fabulous’, meaning fantastic, very very good 

 

Whereas: this is used as a linker between two parts of a sentence to show contrast. It has a similar meaning to ‘although’ – more formal though
To stick to something: to keep doing something
Consistently: without changing, doing something in the same way
To swap: to exchange one thing for another
To tend to be: to make the same choice about something more often than not
To be treated like a king: when people act towards you in a very nice way, giving you everything you need  

Killer: here it’s used as an adjective meaning really good
To make something: here meaning to be able to attend. ‘Sorry I can’t make it to your party’
To ply: to work at some business, especially trading – buying and selling
Wares: items for sale
Appealing: attractive
To rain cats and dogs: to rain very heavily
To figure out: to work out, to solve
To have a laugh: to have fun
To be blown away: to be totally surprised or shocked
To glance: to look very quickly at something or someone

A function: what something does, it’s reason for existing
To put something behind you: to stop thinking about something and start concentrating on other things.
Two doors down: two houses away
To absorb: to take in, to make part of something

Vocabulary

well-travelled this is an adjective which we use to describe someone who has travelled to many different places
if money were no object if you could easily afford even the most expensive things
incoming the opposite of outgoing
short and sweet we use this expression to describe something that is brief but enjoyable 

A hard act to follow: when someone starts doing something that someone has done very well before them, we say the first person is ‘a hard act to follow’ – phew! That’s difficult to define!
To get cracking: to start doing something
To head back: to return
A stopover: usually used when you stay for a short time somewhere that is not your final destination, when talking about a flight or a long journey
To put something nicely: to say something well
Regardless: without being affected by anything else
Convincing: believable
To remain a secret: to continue to be unknown to many people
To use your loaf: (Yes! This reviews one of the phrases from Jo’s great blog on Cockney Rhyming Slang) Loaf of bread = head… so ‘to use your loaf’ means to use your head
Context: the situation in which something happens. In this case, the words around the vocabulary you are learning.
Tricky: difficult 
 

Memorable: easily remembered
To tweak: to change something a little bit
A troublemaker: someone who causes trouble – can be used affectionately or more seriously
Daunting: frightening or scary, usually because you don’t know if you will be able to do something
Cheeky monkey: an expression usually used to describe children who are a bit naughty (often used affectionately)
To get the blues: to start feeling sad
Stunning: beautiful
To vouch for something: to say that something is true
Clumsy:not smooth, awkward
Interchangeably:used the same way, can replace one another without a change in meaning 

 

To treat: here, meaning to deal with something/to act towards something
Treats: something very nice (often food) which is enjoyed by someone alone or with friends as a reward or to celebrate something
Furnace: a very hot place
Househusband: the male version of a housewife, who takes responsibility for looking after the home and children
To bring home the bacon: to earn money for the family
Horrendous: horrible, terrible, very bad
Winding: not straight, with many curves. Usually used to refer to streets or roads. Careful with the pronunciation! The first ‘i’ sounds like ‘eye’, not ‘ih’
Overrun: ?to have too many people in one place, so that is it overcrowded
Traipse: to walk around leisurely without a particular destination
Pesky: annoying
Last minute: right at the latest time that it is possible to do something
Winter coat: the fur or hair that an animal grows during the winter or coldest part of the year. This usually falls off when it gets hotter
Bedraggled: dirty and/or untidy, often wet. Often used to talk about someone’s hair or clothes. 
 

To be sorted: to be fixed/okay again
There’s no denying [it]: you can’t say it isn’t true
Muggy: refers to the weather when it’s hot, sticky and humid. The air feels ‘heavy’ and you sweat easily.
Free range: this is when animals are given a lot of space to walk around in the open air, usually on grass. Most often used to talk about how chickens are farmed – the opposite is battery farming where the birds are kept in very small cages or packed in very closely next to each other :-(
Organic: this means as close to the natural state as possible. When used with regards to food, it means grown without any chemicals or fertilisers. For animals this also means that their food hasn’t had any chemicals added to it
Endangered: this means ‘in danger’ – if an animal is endangered it means that there is a possibility it might become extinct which is when there are no animals of that kind left in the whole world.
To not be the case: to not be true
Out and about: out of the house, doing things. It’s a nice general expression for when you’re doing lots of things during the day. ?
Scrumptious: very very delicious!?
To put your finger on something: to know exactly what is wrong with something, or different about it. 
 

To name after: to give someone (or something!) the same name as somebody else you know
To get your head round (something): to understand something
A shortcut: a way to get from one place to another that takes less time than the normal route or way
A meanie: a word often used by children to describe someone who isn't very nice, often because they are selfish
Ridiculous: very silly!
A fort: a place that was built to protect the inhabitants or a nearby village or town. Most forts were built on hills so they had a good view of their enemies.
A commemoration: a ceremony to remember a (usually negative) event or person who has died
Good-natured: generally happy, not argumentative 

JOURNALISM

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COMMON JOURNALISM LANGUAGE

to cover a story to report on an event or development   in-depth coverage of a thorough analysis of   to verify to check that something is correct   eyewitness reports descriptions of what happened by people who actually saw an event take place     breaking news news which is just coming in

MEDIA BUSINESS

circulation how many copies of a newspaper are sold each day or each week   advertising revenue the money a firm makes by selling space to other firms to advertise their products

Car Accident

• blab (verb): talk too much about unimportant things, some of which might be private matters
  - She blabbed to her friends all about the accident and how it was all my fault. How embarrassing.

• jump to conclusions (idiom): form an opinion without all the facts and evidence
  - Hey, don't jump to conclusions. The accident might not have been her fault.
• pull into (phrasal verb): move into a spot like a parking space or driveway
  - When you arrive, just pull your car into the garage.
• ruin (verb): spoil or destroy something completely
  - You're going to ruin your car if you drive it like that.
• be in a jam (idiom): be in a difficult situation
  - I'm in a real jam because I have a date tonight, but my car broke down this afternoon? What am I going to do  
• tough (adjective): difficult or unfortunate
  - Not having a car right now must be really tough. How are you going to get to work without one
• awesome (adjective): very good, impressive
  - That's awesome that your parents are letting you use their car for the weekend.
• count on (phrasal verb): depend on
  - I can always count on my kids to drive safely. Otherwise, I wouldn't let them use my car.
• wreck (verb): completely destroy or ruin
  - My father wrecked the family car last night, but fortunately, he wasn't hurt.

head

turn your head shake your head (=move it from side to side, especially to show disagreement)

nod your head (=move it up and down, especially to show agreement)

 raise/lift your head (=look up) bow/bend/lower your head (=look downwards)

hang your head (=look downwards, especially because you are ashamed)

cock your head =hold your head at an angle)

 scratch your head somebody's head aches

somebody's head throbs (=it aches badly

from head to foot/toe =over your whole body

 bald head  = one with no hair on it 

the crown of your head (=the top of the back of your head) head injury

early

early morning/afternoon/evening

 early spring/summer etc early August/January etc

in the early days/months/years (=in the beginning)

 in your early twenties/forties/seventies etc (=aged 20-23, 40-43, 70-73 etc)

the early 1920s/1980s/90s etc (=1920-1923, 1980-1983, 1990-1993 etc)

 as early as =used for emphasizing an early time

the early stages/part of something

somebody's early life/childhood/adolescence etc somebody's early songs/books/work etc

 somebody's early memories =the things someone remembers from when they were very young

early signs/indications

vocabulary - disease

disease

have/suffer from a disease

 heart/liver/brain etc disease

a disease of the brain/stomach etc

catch a disease

contract a disease formal (=catch a disease

a disease spreads/the spread of a disease

 infectious/contagious disease =one that spreads quickly from one person to another 

a fatal/deadly disease =one that causes death

an incurable disease =one that cannot be cured

a degenerative disease =one that gradually gets worse and worse

a cure for a disease

 the symptoms of a disease =the things that show that someone has it)

vocabulary " friend"

a friend of mine/yours/Billy's etc

best friend (=the friend you like the most) 

good/close friend (=one of the friends you like the most)

old friend (=a friend you have known for a long time)

trusted friend

lifelong friend (=someone who is your friend for the whole of your life)

friend of a friend

 circle of friends (=all the friends someone has)

a mutual friend (=someone who is a friend of both you and someone else)

a childhood/boyhood/girlhood friend

WORD FOCUS

good weather: sunny/fine used to describe weather or a day when there is a lot of sunshine
nice/lovely/glorious very sunny and good
bright if the weather is bright, the sun shines strongly
there isn't a cloud in the sky the sky is completely clear
dry if the weather is dry, it does not rain
fair sunny and not windy or rainy - used especially in weather forecasts
rain: wet/rainy/damp used to describe weather or a day when there is a lot of rain
unsettled if the weather is unsettled, it keeps changing and it often rains
drizzle light rain which consists of very small drops of water
shower a short period of rain
downpour a short period when it suddenly rains very heavily
it's pouring down British English/it's pouring rain American English it is raining very hard
it's drizzling it is raining a little, with very small drops of rain
snow: snowy used to describe weather or a day when there is a lot of snow
sleet a mixture of snow and rain
slush a mixture of partly melted snow and ice
hail/hailstones frozen drops of rain, that fall as drops of ice
blizzard a storm with a lot of snow and strong wind
frost white powder that covers the ground when it is cold
wind: windy used to describe a day or weather when there is a lot of wind
blustery very windy
breeze a gentle pleasant wind
hurricane (in the Atlantic Ocean) /typhoon (in the Pacific Ocean) a violent storm with extremely strong winds
cloudy: cloudy used to describe weather or a day when there are a lot of clouds in the sky
grey/dull cloudy and not bright
overcast if the sky is overcast, it is very cloudy and dark, and it is likely to rain
hazy not clear, especially because there is a slight mist caused by heat or smoke ➔ fog, mist
hot: boiling/scorching/sizzling/blazing/burning/baking/broiling (hot) extremely hotsweltering very hot and humid
warm a little hot, in a way that is pleasant
balmy pleasantly warm, with a gentle wind blowing
heatwave a period of unusually hot weather
cold: freezing (cold) extremely cold
arctic extremely cold, usually with a lot of ice and snow
wintry cold and snowy or rainy, like the weather in winter
crisp if the air is crisp, it feels cold but pleasantly fresh and clear
chilly a little too cold, in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable
cool a little cold, in a way that is pleasant
cold snap/cold spell a period of unusually cold weather

vocabulary

Age vocabulary

• She sounds bright for her age
•  He's quite tall for his age
• She's very fit for her age
• She's really great for her age
• She's very grown up for her age
• She's quite remarkable for her age

Airport Announcement

Hello. Passengers of flight 17 bound for Caracas, with stops in Atlanta and Miami. The departure gate has been changed to 30B. Also, there will be a slight departure delay due to inclement weather outside. The ground crew is in the process of deicing the wings in preparation for departure. It also looks like the flight is slightly overbooked, so we are offering complimentary round-trip tickets to a few passengers willing to take a later flight. We should be boarding about a quarter to the hour. Thank you for your patience.

---

Key Vocabulary

 

• inclement (adjective): severe
  - The game was canceled due to inclement weather.
• crew (noun): an organized group of workers
  The ship's crew were very helpful during the cruise.
• deice (verb): make or become free of frost or ice, defrost
  - You need to deice the windshield this morning. It dropped below freezing last night.
• overbook (verb): too many seats, for example, have been reserved in advance
  - Airlines tend to overbook seats on their flights which can be an inconvenience to some passengers.
• complimentary (adjective): free, gratuitous
  This hotel provides a complimentary breakfast for all its guests.
• board (noun): to get on an aircraft, ship, train, bus, etc.
  - We should board the train at least ten minutes before departure.

Fast Food Restaurant

When I need a bite to eat, I often drop by a local fast food restaurant and buy a quick meal. I usually order a cheeseburger, a large order of fries, and a medium-size drink. On the cheeseburger, I ask them to put everything on it: onions, lettuce, mustard, ketchup, pickles, and tomato, but I ask them to hold the mayonnaise. I also order some water to wash everything down. If I'm really famished, I might order a chocolate shake. I sometimes pick up something for my roommate who eats like a horse, so I have to order at least three hamburgers. I usually pay with cash, but I sometimes pay for the meal using my debit card. I don't eat fast food too often because it contains a lot of fat, but more and more restaurants are offering healthier choices like salads and chili, so there's usually something for everyone.

Vocabulary

• cafeteria
• coffee shop
• deli
• fast food restaurant
• pizzeria (pizza parlor)

• atmosphere
• booth
• cheap / reasonable / expensive
• chef
• customer
• delicious
• decor
• host (hostess)
• meal
• menu
• receipt
• reservation
• server
• service
• special of the day
• table
• tip (gratuity)

Discount Clothing Store

Discount Clothing Store

One of my favorite places to shop is a discount clothing store in my town. The store sells both new and used clothing, but everything is in good condition, and the prices are unbeatable. All of the clothing is hanging on racks for you to see, and there are sections for children, men, and women's clothing. If you find something you like, you can try it on in the dressing room. If it doesn't fit, or you don't like the way it looks on you (e.g., it's too tight or baggy on you), then you can just return it to the rack. A price tag on the clothing indicates its price, but if you find a flaw in the clothing, you might be able to receive an additional discount. The store will also alter your clothing for a small fee. Once you've decided on the items you want, you can purchase everything at the checkout counter. The store accepts cash, debit and credit cards, and personal checks. If you decide later that you want to return something, you have two weeks to return it to the store, with the receipt, for a full refund or store credit.

Where do you usually buy your clothing? Have you every purchased clothing from a used clothing store? Why or why not? Is used clothing in fashion in your hometown?

Internet shopping has become very popular in recent years, including buying used clothing. Imagine you have only $100 to spend on clothing for the next school year. How many things could you buy for that amount of money? Search online and compare your shopping list with someone else. How can find the best bargains?

Bank Services

Yesterday, I went to a bank to open up a savings and checking account. I deposit about $300 every month in my savings account to save money for major purchases or for a rainy day when I have unexpected expenses. My paycheck is deposited directly into my checking account, and I write out checks to pay my bills. My checking account is free if I maintain a minimum balance of $25 in the account. I also have about $100 automatically transferred from my checking to my savings account on a monthly basis. The accounts earn very little interest, but it's better than earning nothing. Therefore, I also have a certificate of deposit that earns a higher rate of interest, but I can't withdraw the money from the account for one year. Actually, I need money because I'm planning on taking out a student loan to pay for college tuition. Also, I rent a safety deposit box at the bank and store my valuables there including important documents, some coins and jewelry, and the deed, or ownership record, to my house. Finally, I can exchange my money into the currency of other countries, or I can buy traveller's checks before I depart on a trip.

Part II: Discussion

More and more students are getting into debt because they don't know how to manage their money and avoid spending beyond their means. What are some ways that students can save money and still pay for living expenses

1. apply for a credit card
2. buy traveler's checks
3. cash a check
4. check your account balance
5. deposit money
6. exchange money
7. fill out a withdraw slip
8. open a checking account
9. open a savings account
10. order checks
11. pay off a loan
12. pay your bills online
13. rent a safety deposit box
14. review your bank statement
15. take out a loan
16. talk with a bank teller
17. talk with the bank manager
18. transfer money
19. use a debit card
20. withdraw money

[-ation] NOUN / VERB STUDY - Vocabulary List - Words beginning w

abbreviate (v)	John F. Kennedy abbreviated his middle name.
abbreviation (n)	The abbreviation "ASAP" means "as soon as possible"
abdicate (v)	King Edward abdicated his throne.
abdication (n)	His abdication of the throne surprised the world.
acclaim (v)	The critics acclaimed the new musical play.
acclamation (n)	The judges of the singing contest chose the winner by listening to the acclamation of the audience.
accumulate (v)	Too much water accumulated in the mountainside.
accumulation (n)	The accumulation of water caused a landslide.
administer (v)	A president must administer to the wishes of the people in the country.
administration (n)	Unfortunately, some presidential administrations are dishonest.
admire (v)	I really admire Oprah Winfrey.
admiration (n)	Admiration must be earned.
adore (v)	Sally's husband adores her.
adoration (n)	Her husband's adoration is total and complete.
affirm (v)	The police affirmed that they had seen the thief in the store.
affirmation (n)	The affirmation sent the thief to prison.
agitate (v)	A washing machine works by agitating the clothes in soapy water.
agitation (n)	The agitation of the soap and water loosens the dirt in clothing.
allege (v)	The principal alleged that the students had been cheating.
allegation (n)	Unfortunately, the allegations were true.
animate (v)	A cartoon artist animates stories by drawing pictures.
animation (n)	The animations are added to film and shown on TV.
anticipate (v)	Many people love to anticipate their birthdays.
anticipation (n)	Sometimes the anticipation is more fun than the real day!
apply (v)	Perry applied to Cal State Fullerton University.
application (n)	His application was accepted.
assassinate (v)	John Wilkes Boothe assassinated Abraham Lincoln.
assassination (n)	Lincoln's assassination stunned the American people.
assimilate (v)	America has assimilated people from many countries.
assimilation (n)	The assimilation began with the Pilgrims in the 1700s.
associate (v)	Do you think that Bill Clinton still associates with Monica Lewinsky?
association (n)	Their association was quite scandalous to the office of the Presidency.
authenticate (v)	The painting I found needs to be authenticated. I hope it's a real Picasso!
authentication (n)	The authentication failed. My Aunt Edna painted that picture - not Picasso!
authorize (v)	You must enter your password to be authorized to work on the computer.
authorization (n)	I'm sorry, your authorization failed. Do you want to try again?
automate (v)	Henry Ford automated the process of making automobiles.
automation (n)	The automation meant that more cars could be produced cheaply.

verbs &Nouns in the kitchen

verbs &Nouns  in the kitchen

refrigerator garbage disposal freezer dish washer stove toaster sink ingredients blender table food processor chair mixer stool cupboard highchair closet plate shelf saucer counter dish drawer bowl burner teaspoon pot paring knife pan butcher knife frying pan steak knife sauce pan butter knife casserole soup spoon teapot tablespoon coffee pot fork bucket salad fork pail tumbler ice cube tray cup dish cloth mug scouring pad napkin microwave oven crock pot skillet hot pad 1. eat, -s, ate,-ing, eaten 15. sweep,-s,-ed,-ing, -ed 2. sit, -s, sat, -ting, sat 16. mop,-s,-ped,-ping,-ped 3. close, -s, -ed, -ing,-ed 17. pour, -s,-ed, -ing, -ed 4. do, does, did,-ing, done 18. spill, -s,-ed,-ing, -ed 5. load, -s, -ed, -ing, -ed 19. chew,-s, -ed,-ing, -ed 6. put,-s, put, putting, put 20. drink, -s, drank, -ing, drunk 7. scour, -s, -ed, ing, -ed 21. cut, -s, cut, -ting, cut 8. set, -s, set, setting, set 22. fork,-s,-ed, -ing, -ed 9. gulp, -s, -ed, -ing, -ed 23. spoon,-s,-ed,-ing, -ed 10. warm, -s,-ed, -ing,-ed 24. boil, -s, -ed,-ing, -ed 11. bake, -s,-ed, -ing,-ed 25. toast,-s,-ed, -ing, -ed 12. fry,-s,fried,-ing, fried 26. peel,-s, -ed, -ing, -ed 13. cook, -s,-ed,-ing, -ed 27. slice, -s, -d, slicing,-d 14. stir,-s,-red,-ring,-red 28. spread, -s, spread, -ing, spread

Places Where We Live

cottage(s)	detached house(s)	semi-detached house(s)	bungalow(s)	block of flats
	terraced house(s)		high-rise flat

Appliance Store

I'm moving into a new home this weekend, so I decided to do some shopping to furnish the place. I went to an appliance store not too far from my house, and I first bought a refrigerator for the kitchen. You really can't live without one because you have to keep your food cold or frozen so it doesn't spoil. Then, I bought a washer and dryer to clean and dry my clothes. I don't want to go to a laundromat to do this every week like I used to do. Next, I bought a dishwasher. I probably don't need one because I could wash my dishes by hand, but having a dishwasher can make life easier. You simply put the dishes inside, add some dishwashing detergent, and turn the machine on. Finally, I picked up a microwave oven. If I'm in a hurry and don't have time to cook, I can throw something in the microwave and heat it up quickly. I haven't purchased everything I need to furnish my new place, but I think I have the basic appliances to make life more comfortable for now.

Suffixes

Suffixes

-added to the end of a word or rootword

Suffix  =  Meaning                           Suffix  =  Meaning                              Suffix = Meaning

-able =  able                                    -ic = like                                          -ly = like
-al  = belonging to                          -ing = person or  thing which          -ment = the result of action
-ally = like, belonging to                -ish = like                                        -ness = has the quality of
 -ant = a person who is                  -ism = state of being                        -ous = full of
-ate = to make...                            -ist = a person who                           -some = someone or thing of
-er = a person who...                     -ism = state of being                      -tion = the act of
-est = most                                     -ive = a person or                              -y = like
 

Prefixes

Prefixes

Added to the beginning of a word or root word....

From Latin.....the prefixes that are used most...

ab........................from                            dis................part                            pre............before
ad......................  to                                  en..................in                              pro..........in front of
be......................by                                  ex..................out                            re.............back
com...................with                               in.................into                             sub...........under
de.....................from                                in................not                              un.............not

                                         Most used prefixes

ab...............................awayfrom..............abnormal
ad..................................to............................adhere
ambi, amphi....................both.........................ambidextrous
ante.............................before........................antebellum
anti............................against.......................antibody
auto............................self.........................autobiography                              
be..............................by..................................beside
bi...............................two.............................bicycle
circum........................around.......................circumference
com, con, co................together.....................combine
contra, counter..............against.......................contradict
de.............................from, down................depart
dis...........................not, away..................disagree
en.............................in...............................enroll
ex...........................out..............................export
hemi..........................half............................hemisphere
hyper...........................above....................hyperventilate
hypo........................under....................hypodermic
in, im.........................not........................impossible
inter......................between..................intermission
il, ir...........................not..........................irregular
mis............................wrong....................misinform
multi........................many.........................mutltude
non.......................not..............................nonskid
op.........................against.......................opposite
out..........................over..........................outshine
para......................beside........................parasite
poly......................many.........................polymorphic
post......................after............................postwar
pre.........................before......................preschool
pro....................in front of, before..............protect
re................   ......back................................remit
semi...................half..............................semicircle
sub..............   .......under............................submarine
super.................above............................superman
syn, sym.............together......................sympathy
trans...................across.........................transport
ultra.................above..............................unltralight
un.........................not.................................unable
with...................against.............................withhold

Many ways to say NO or NOT
There are many prefixes that mean NO!  Here are some we found.....
  .....un.....il......im.....non.....ir......dis...

Examples: unable, illegal, impossible, nonrefundable, disassemble