confidence

lack of confidence 

 have confidence in somebody/something      

have every/complete/absolute confidence in   

somebody/something 

 lose  your confidence in somebody/something  

gain/win somebody's confidence  

increase confidence in somebody/something 

 inspire confidence  in somebody/something =make people have confidence  

restore confidence in somebody/something  =bring back people's confidence  

destroy/shatter (somebody's) confidence in somebody/something  

undermine (somebody's) confidence in somebody/something =make someone have less confidence 

public confidence  

business confidence =when businesses think the economic situation is good  

consumer confidence =when ordinary people think the economic situation is good

angry

a little angry: miffed informal, peeved informal
 

rather angry: annoyed, irritated, cross, in a bad/foul  

 mood
very angry: furious, livid, outraged, incensed, incandescent with rage formal
 

to become angry: lose your temper, go mad British English, go berserk informal, go ballistic informal, hit the roof informal
 

words for describing someone who often gets angry: bad-tempered, grouchy, cantankerous, crabby, stroppy BrE informal

bird-brain

  
bird-brain :someone who is silly or stupid

bird-brain

  
bird-brain :someone who is silly or stupid 

birdbrained adjective 

hospital

types of hospital: medical center American English a big hospital 

maternity hospital :for women who are having a baby   

mental hospital/psychiatric hospital :for people who are mentally ill
 

clinic :for people receiving a particular kind of treatment 

hospice : for people who are dying
 

nursing home  : for old people 

parts of a hospital: A&E also casualty British English, emergency room American English, operating theatre British English/operating room American English, ward, unit
 

people in a hospital: doctor, nurse, surgeon, patient, orderly

doctor

similar words: physician especially AmE, GP British English, consultant, registrar
 

a doctor who does operations: surgeon
 

a doctor who treats mental illnesses: psychiatrist, psychotherapist, shrink informal
 

a doctor who treats people's teeth: dentist, orthodontist 

,a doctor who treats animals: vet  

 veterinarian especially AmE
 

someone who is training to be a doctor: medical student, intern American English
 

the place where you go to see your doctor: surgery British English, office 

die

a ceremony for someone who has died: funeral  

 a ceremony at which someone who has died is buried or burned
 

burial when someone's body is put into the ground
 

cremation when someone's body is burned 

hearse a large car that takes the body to the funeral 

coffin a box in which someone is buried or carried to  

 the funeral
 

grave the place where someone is buried
 

graveyard/cemetery an area where dead people are buried
 

undertaker someone who arranges funerals
 

the mourners the people at a funeral

religion

faith one of the world's main religions, for example Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, or Christianity
   

church a Christian religious group, for example the Catholic Church
 

sect a religious group that is part of a larger religious group but has slightly different beliefs, for example a Buddhist sect
 

cult an extreme religious group that is not part of an established religion
 

faith community a group of people living in the same area, who have a particular religion
 

secular not relating to religion or any religious groupreligion

God

(places where people worship God: church (Christians (temple  (Buddhists and Hindus  

( mosque (Muslims
 (synagogue (Jews 

treated with great respect because of being     connected with God: holy, sacred
 

having strong beliefs in God: devout, pious
 

someone who does not believe in God : atheist
 

someone who is not sure if God exists: agnosticgod

hair

brush/comb your hair do your hair = arrange it in a style  

have/get your hair cut/done =by a hairdresser  

short/long hair  

shoulder-length  hair

 fair/blonde hair =hair that is yellowish-white in colour

dark hair 

 red/auburn hair also ginger hair British English =hair that is orangey-brown in colour  

straight/curly hair  

frizzy hair =hair that is tightly curled 

 wavy hair =hair with loose curls 

 fine/thick hair  

lank hair =hair that is thin, straight, and unattractive 

dark-haired/fair-haired/long-haired etc  

strand of hair =a thin piece of hair 

lock of hair =a fairly thick piece of hair  

mop of hair =a large amount of thick untidy hair  

be losing your hair =be going bald 

run your fingers through your/somebody's hair  

ruffle/tousle somebody's hair =make it untidy by rubbing your hand through it

Beauty and Hair Salons

blow dry

(color (get/have your hair colored

(curl (get/have your hair curled

(cut (get/have your hair cut

(perm (get/have your hair permed

shampoo

(straighten (get/have your hair straightened

(style (get/have your hair styled

(thin out (get/have your hair thinned out

(trim (get/have your hair trimmed

* Example: I'd like to get my hair cut ("get" is less (formal than "have"

cut a little above the ears

remove the split ends 

take a little off the top and sides  

     trim your bangs  

barber

beautician

hairstylist / hairdresser

hair salon

barber shop  

 I often style my hair after I get out of the shower. I

first blow dry my hair (with a blow dryer, of course), put some styling gel in my hair, and then comb my hair to the style I want it. If I run out of hair gel, I use hairspray instead to make my hair stay in place. I've noticed I've started graying a little around the ears, so I might start using hair coloring to hide the gray hairs. Obviously, looking good is important to me, but I don't want to appear vain or proud just because I want to look nice

Babies

Top of Form

The birth of a child is a happy event. Of course, having children brings many challenges and rewards to the parents . After many visits to the gynaecologist he big day arrives. Parents usually rush to the maternity ward often with some relatives coming along to help. The soon-to-be mother goes into labor which can last for a very long time - or go rather quickly.

The fun has just begun! Many parents choose godparents  from among their family or friends. These however, don't usually have to do some of the more difficult tasks. For the first few years changing the diapers an be a challenge - even though the use of pampers as made that task easier. A baby will often cry until the pacifier or bottles firmly in its mouth. One of the most important things to buy is the stroller  which allows parents to continue to go about daily tasks. Soon the child begins to crawl  and , before you know it, the child is walking! After a few years, parents begin to think about school. Before grade school begins, children sometimes first go to preschool  but usually go to kindergarten efore their first day in "real" school.

effect

have an effect on somebody/something  

big/major/profound/significant/dramatic effect  

bad/harmful/negative/damaging/detrimental/adverse effect  

beneficial/positive effect long-term effect  

feel the effect of something 

 knock-on-effect British English =an effect caused by the thing that happened before  

cumulative effect =the effect of many things happening one after another 

the desired effect =the effect you wanted  

cause and effect =one thing directly causing the other

Describing people

To talk about people's appearance or personality you can use  :  be + adjective   

Verb

To be Adjective 

I'm  slim 

He's well-built 

She's matronly 

You're handsome 

We're  extroverted 

They're shy 

To talk about physical characteristics you can use

have got + (adjective) + noun    

Verb

Have got (Adjective)

+ Noun 

I've got  hazel eyes 

He's got a shaved head 

She's got gorgeous black hair 

You've got a five o'clock shadow 

We've got green eyes 

They've got long legs 

Some adjectives have a negative connotation (or feeling) and some are more neutral   

Negative Neutral 

fat plump or large 

skinny slim 

spinster single 

To ask about someone's appearance you can use

do + look like  

 Verb

To do  Look like

What do I look like

 do you 

 does he/she/it 

 do they 

To ask about someone's personality you can usebe + like  

 Verb: 

To be  Like

What am I like

 are you 

 is he/she/it 

 are we 

 are they 

Vocabulary

a five o'clock shadow:

is a kind of beard or moustache (but not a full beard or moustache) that a man gets if he doesn't shave for a day or two

matronly (adj) :

an older woman who is plump

bald (adj) :

a person with no hair. A person can have a shaved head if s/he is bald or if s/he has hair but chooses to shave it off

extroverted (adj) : 

a confident person who enjoys being with other people 

What Is A Big Brother

What Is A Big Brother

A Big Brother is a guy that I love to be around he is a close friend found A Big Brother is a guy that I can go to for advice he is almost always nice A Big Brother is a guy that I know will always be listening he is never ever missing A Big Brother is a guy who has always seemed to care he is almost always there A Big Brother is a guy I may get mad at once and a while he leaves me with a smile A Big Brother is a guy that I can always look up to he always knows what to do A Big Brother is a guy who I am really happy to see he always understands me A Big Brother is a guy that I can always turn to he is a guy just like you

Borrow - lend -rent-hire- lease-let

borrow

If you borrow something (from somebody), you take it for a period of time, then you give it back. He borrowed £50 from me last year, and still hasn't paid a penny of it back. Can I borrow your bike 

lend

If you lend/(US also) loan something to somebody, or lend/loan somebody something, you give them something for a period of time, then they give it back. I can't remember who I lent/loaned those books to. Dad lent/loaned me the car for the weekend.  

loan verb = lend something valuable, or in an official way.The artist's family has loaned several famous paintings to the local museum.

loan noun = money you borrow, usually from a bank. How much interest are you paying on your loan

If you borrow money to buy a house, this loan is called a mortgage 

lease

If you lease something, you make an agreement to rent out property or equipment for a particular period of time. For example, a photocopier, a building, land or a car. We leased our photocopiers from Modern Office Supplies. They have leased a printer to us for five years.

A lease is a legal agreement, which gives details of how much rent you must pay for a particular period of time. When does the lease on your studio run out  

let
If you let property, somebody pays you in order to use it over a long period.
For example, let a house or flat. They went abroad and let their house to a Japanese family.

There's a section in the paper with flats to let.

rent

If you pay someone to allow you to use something, you rent (v) it. For example, a room, a house/flat/apartment, a bike/boat/car/van, a TV/computer/video, a film/movie. I rented a flat above a shop for a while. How much is it to rent a TV Let's rent a movie tonight.

Your rent (n) is the amount of money you must pay each week or month to live somewhere. Rents in Paris are extremely high.

If you rent out something that you own, you allow someone to pay you money so that they can use it. They rent out a couple of rooms in their apartment. She rents out boats to tourists during the summer season.

hire

If you hire (UK) something, you pay money to use it for a short period of time. For example, you can hire a bike, a car or a suit. You should hire a car while you're in France.  

They've hired suits for the wedding. Have you got any boats for hire

Hire purchase (HP) (UK) means you take something home from a shop and pay for it in small payments over a period of time.

You can also hire (employ) someone to do a job (esp. US). I've hired a gardener to help out in the summer. I can't believe the cost of hiring a lawyer. They hired a private detective to find out who was stealing from the company.

If you hire out something, you allow someone to use something after they have paid you money. Several places now hire out bikes to tourists during the summer season.

If you hire out someone, you arrange for someone to work for someone else. She knew of a detective agency that also hired out security guards. He decided to go freelance and hire himself out as a computer programmer

charter

If you charter a plane, boat, yacht, train or coach, you hire it for private use. They chartered a yacht to take them round the Mediterranean

A charter flight is a special holiday flight arranged by a travel agency, and usually bought together with hotel accommodation

Problems

• I've been trying to get Sonia all morning but her line/she is always engaged/busy (US usually)
  
• "Is that Mike Fraser?" "No, I think you've got a wrong number - this is 654731
  
• "Customer Accounts, please." "The line's busy - do you want to hold the line/hold (on)
  
• It's a bad/terrible line, I can hardly hear you. Can you speak a bit louder
• Hello, can you connect me to Katie Moore again? We were cut off in the middle of our call
  
• The phone's out of order - there's a coin stuck in the slot, I think
  
  

Making a telephone call

Making a telephone call
Common phrases meaning to telephone

• She said she'd phone/telephone/call/ring (you) tomorrow
• I'll give you a ring/call/phone call
• I need to make a call/phone call (to Brazil)

Common phrases used when telephoning somebody

• Could/Can I speak to Mr Carter, please
• Is that Karen? Hi, this is Barbara/Barbara here

Common phrases used when answering the telephone

• This is Mr Carter
• (Mr Carter) speaking

A reverse charge call/(US) collect call is paid for by the person who receives it

Notice the following uses of through

• Can I call Japan direct from here, or do I have to go through the operator
• The lines were really busy and I couldn't get through to the airport
• Can you put me through to Miss Shaw on extension 342, please

Some people have an (esp UK) answerphone/ (esp US) answering machine which plays a recorded message to callers if they are not at home. The message usually ends with a 'bleep' sound

• Sorry I'm not at home at the moment. Please leave a message after the bleep/beep/tone

Telephone numbers

• dialling codes/ (US and Aus) area codes

  00 international code

  44 country code

  181 area code

  837 9292 number

  Ext.345 extension (number)

• The numbers are usually pronounced separately 
• 90233 is said "nine o two double three"
• Someone in an office has an extension number which is used by people within the office. Callers from outside must first telephone the switchboard of the company to be connected

• I'm on 309 2194 (that's my telephone number)
• If you can't reach/get me at home, try my work number. I'm on extension 433
• If you don't know the number look it up in the phone book/telephone directory, or dial (UK) directory enquiries/(US) directory assistance and ask the operator.

A public/pay telephone

A public telephone/payphone can be coin operated or a card phone.


 

To make a call lift the receiver insert coins or a card into the slot dial the number by pressing the buttons