۱. معمولاً تکیه هر کلمه روی ریشه کلمه است. غالباً در اسمها چون ریشه کلمه در بخش اول می باشد تکیه روی بخش اول است.
'doctor 'paper
2. معمولاً در فعل ها چون ریشه کلمه در بخش دوم است تکیه روی بخش دوم است.
be'gin en'joy
3. اکثر پسوندها مانند (ful – ness- est- er- or- ing- en- ed- es) تکیه ندارند.
'watches – 'worked – 'broken – 'playing – 'actor – 'teacher – 'biggest – 'kindness – 'useful
4. اکثر پیشوندها مانند (be – re – pre – mis – in – un – im) تکیه ندارند.
Im'possible – un'happy – in'fact – mis'take – re'port – pre'tend – be'fore
5. در کلماتی که با tele شروع می شوند تکیه روی tele می باشد.
'telephone 'television
6. در اسامی روزهای هفته، اسامی فصل ها تکیه روی بخش اول است.
'Sunday 'summer 'holiday
7. سیلاب قبل از tion دارای تکیه است.
'dictionary infor'mation conver'sation
8. در کلماتی که به teen ختم می شوند تکیه روی teen می باشد.
fif 'teen six'teen
9. در کلماتی که به nese ختم می شوند تکیه روی nese می باشد.
Chin'ese Japan'ese
10. در اعدادی که به ty ختم می شوند تکیه روی قسمت اول است.
'forty 'fifty
11. در اسمهای مربوط به روابط خویشاوندی تکیه روی بخش اول است.
'mother 'brother 'sister 'brother – in – law
۱۲. در اسامی مرکب (noun + noun) تکیه روی بخش اول است.
'classroom 'football
13. در ترکیب (noun + adjective ) استرس روی اسم قرار دارد .
green 'house cheap 'skates
14. هرگاه بخشی از کلمه صدای اِ کوتاه /ə/ بدهد آن بخش از کلمه دارای تکیه نیست و تکیه روی بخش دیگر است.
a'gain a'bout
15. ضمائر، حروف تعریف، حروف اضافه و افعال Modal و کلمات مخفف دارای تکیه ضعیف هستند.
It's 'good
16. در ترکیباتی که با good شروع می شود مانند good bye استرس روی کلمه بعدی است.
good 'bye good 'morning
17. در ضمایر انعکاسی استرس روی کلمه self قرار دارد.
my'self your'self
18. در دو بخشی های مختوم به ow استرس روی بخش اول قرار دارد.
'borrow 'yellow
19. در بعضی از کلمات با تغییر استرس اسم به فعل تبدیل می شود.
import-noun im'port-verb
present-noun pre'sent-verb
all in a day's work
Definition: nothing special, part of the routine
Don't worry about it. It's all in a day's work.
Cooking is all in a day's work.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Definition: Idiom meaning that you need to have fun in order to be a happy, healthy person
Go home! Remember: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
I'm worried about him. He hasn't yet understood that all work and no play makes jack a dull boy.
dirty work
Definition: Necessary, but uninteresting, or difficult work
He did the dirty work on that project.
Have you got around to doing the dirty work yet?
get down to work
Definition: Stop relaxing, focus on important task
Hey, let's get down to work here!
Sorry, I've got to get off the phone and get down to work.
get worked up over something
Definition: become angry or annoyed about something
He got all worked up over the last exam.
Don't get worked up over the garden. I'll take care of it tomorrow.
make short work of something
Definition: do something quickly
I made short work of the assignment and moved on to the next job.
Give it to John. He'll make short work of it.
work like a horse
Definition: work a lot, work very hard
Janet works like a horse!
Why don't you ask Tom. He works like a horse.
work out for the best
Definition: eventually finish well
Don't worry about your problems. Everything will work out for the best.
The divorce worked out for the best for the whole family.
work something off
Definition: lose weight
I'm going running to work dinner off.
She went to the gym to work off a few pounds.
throw a monkey wrench in the works
Definition: cause a disturbance in something that seems clear and understandable
I hate to throw a monkey wrench in the works, but don't you think we should ask Andy to help.
Everything was set to go when Jack threw a monkey wrench in the works!
categorically - in every manner, without reserve
deeply - strongly, with much feeling
enthusiastically - with great joy
freely - without hesitation
fully - completely, without any doubt
honestly - truly believing
positively - without any doubt
readily - without hesitation
sincerely - with best wishes
strongly - with conviction
totally - without any doubt
utterly - without any doubt. categorically deny - In no way did I do something. deeply regret - I am strongly sorry for my actions. enthusiastically endorse - I happily, and with my whole heart believe in something. freely appreciate - I certainly understand something. fully recognize - I am aware of some situation.
honestly believe - I think something is true without any doubt.
positively encourage - I hope that you do something very strongly
readily endorse - I believe in something someone else does without hesitation. sincerely hope - I honestly want something for someone else. strongly recommend - I really think you should do something. totally reject - I refuse to believe or do in any case. utterly refuse - I completely do not want to do or believe
Here are example sentences for each of these emphatic expressions. We categorically deny any involvement in the scandal. I deeply regret the loss of your loved one. I enthusiastically endorse the local cancer society. We freely appreciate the current difficulties in this market. I fully recognize your need to improve your career. I honestly believe he is telling the truth. We'd like to positively encourage you to buy this stock. Our company readily endorses his run for office. I sincerely hope you are able to find employment soon. I'd like to strongly recommend you visit an employment specialist. They totally reject any compromise in these negotiations. I'm afraid I utterly refuse to believe anything he says
shenanigan • \shuh-NAN-ih-gun\ • noun
The CEO resigned amid accusations of financial shenanigans and dubious deals.
ramshackle • \RAM-shak-ul\ • adjective
The properties were separated by a ramshackle wooden fence that was just barely held together with chicken wire.
It's really difficult to figure out what you mean if you don't explain yourself. Figure out: to understand after consideration
I'd like to apologize for last weekend. I feel guilty about not having telephoned to say I wouldn't be able to come. Feel guilty: to feel bad about something you have done.
He is dying to go to the Red Hot Chili Pepper's concert next week. Be dying to: be very eager or keen to do something.
I just can't stand listening to him lecture. He is so boring! Can't stand: despise or hate something.
They're not sure that want to get married. I think they are getting cold feet. Get cold feet: become unsure about an important decision.
He really did poorly on the test. When it came to take it, he went blank and couldn't answer anything. Go blank: not remember anything - happens often on tests!
Jason is having a hard time getting over the death of his cat. Get over: recover from an illness or very bad news.
He must be kidding! He can't really mean what he says. Be kidding: be joking, not serious.
When you think really hard, you should always be able to know what you feel deep down. Feel deep down: your true feelings about something.
Unfortunately, he is having second thoughts about the car he just bought. It seems that it doesn't get very good mileage. Have second thoughts: be unsure of something you have already done - very similar to get cold feet, only that, in this case, the action has already been completed.
| accede: stick to agreement exceed: surpass |
accept: receive except: exclude |
adapt: adjust |
|
adverse: opposed |
affect: change, influence |
all right: all right |
|
allude: refer to indirectly |
altar: place of worship |
appraise: value |
|
capital:seat of government; money |
complement:something that completes (noun); to complete (verb). |
continual: happens frequently in time: close succession |
|
emigration: moving from a country |
eminent: outstanding, revered |
everyday: The everyday (ordinary) routine of working |
|
farther: refers to actual distance |
imply: speaker implies (suggests) |
floe: large sheet of floating ice |
|
lay: to set down, to place or put an item down |
pray: to ask for by prayer or supplication |
principal: first in authority; main participant; amount of a debt less interest |
|
raise: to cause to lift or to lift something |
real: adjective (real sugar) |
set: to place something somewhere |
|
stationary: not moving: fixed |
suit: a set of clothes; legal action |
waiver: the giving up of a claim |
| ensure: to make sure or certain; guarantee; to protect | insure: to take out or issue insurance; to pay or be paid money in the case of loss | assure: convince, make sure of something, to give confidence; to declare or promise confidently |
| to: in the direction of; toward | too: in addition; as well, also | two: more than one; less than three |
| their: belonging to; possessive of "they" | there: at, or in that place | they're: combination of "they are" |
HOMONYM: One of two or more words having the same sound and often the same spelling but different meanings. Examples: quail (cower), and quail (bird) fair (appearance), fair (county fair), and fair (reasonable).
HOMOPHONE: One of two or more words pronounced the same but different in meaning, origin, and sometimes spelling. Examples: cite, sight, and site; sea and see; your and you're; bow and bough.
HOMOGRAPH: One of two or more words spelled alike but different in origin, meaning, and sometimes pronunciation. Examples: bow of a ship, a bow and arrow, and a bow (deference/manners).
HETERONYM: One of two or more words that are spelled the same but that differ in pronunciation and meaning. Examples: bass (voice) and bass (fish); polish (shine) and Polish (from Poland); tear (rip) and tear (from eye.
bar someone from (doing) something - Jack has barred Jennifer from visiting his daughter.
bar someone from a place - The police barred Peter from the shopping mall.
benefit from (doing) something - Students benefit from listening to news reports on the radio.
derive something from something - He derived the meaning from the context of the sentence.
deter someone from (doing) something - Please deter your children from walking across busy avenues.
differ from something - Our cheese differs from our competitor's cheese because of its superior quality.
distinguish one thing from another thing - I'm afraid he can't distinguish a British accent from a Irish accent.
distract someone from something - Please distract Tim from the television.
exempt someone from (doing) something - The judge exempted the young man from doing extra community service.
expel someone from a place - The children were expelled form school for their bad behavior.
refrain from (doing) something - Nancy refrains from smoking at work.
resign from (doing) something - Jacques resigned from his position.
result from (doing) something - The unrest results from our politicians lack of seriousness about the situation.
stem from (doing) something - The poor results stem from his lack of experience.
suffer from (doing) something - He will suffer from studying too little
be for something / someone - I'm for Mayor Martini.
account for something - That accounts for his success.
allow for something - I think you need to allow for misunderstandings.
apologize for something / someone - Jackson apologized for his rude behavior.
blame someone for (doing) something - I blame Janet for the broken pottery.
care for (doing) something / someone - He doesn't care for playing golf.
charge someone for (doing) something - The accountant charged him $400 for his advice.
count for something - Your good marks count for 50% of your grade.
earmark something for a use - Congress earmarked $6 million for safety improvements.
pay for someone / something - Let me pay for Tom
be at something - The exhibition is at the modern art gallery.
glance at something - Can I glance at that for a moment?
guess at something - She guessed at the answer.
hint at something - My mom hinted at my present.
marvel at something - I marvel at your math abilities.
be against something / someone - I am against the new regulation.
insure something against something - We insured our house against storm damage.
protest against (doing) something - The students are protesting against the invasion.
be about something - That book is about his experiences in Africa.
argue about (doing) something - The boys argued about which bus to take.
be concerned about (doing) something - I'm concerned about your grades.
be worried about (doing) something - She is worried about her exams.
boast about (doing) something - Thomas boasted about his golfing ability.
decide about (doing) something - Anna decided about her goals.
dream about (doing) something - Mark dreams about becoming a ballet dancer.
protest about (doing) something - The students protested about the invasion.
Check your knowledge of these verb + preposition combinations with these quizzes:
Health and Healthcare - Illnesses
| ache |
| ear ache |
| headache |
| stomach ache |
| toothache |
| cancer |
| cold |
| cough |
| flu |
| heart attack |
| heart disease |
| infection |
| infectious disease |
| pain |
| virus |
Health and Healthcare - Minor Injuries
| bruise |
| cut |
| graze |
| wound |
Health and Healthcare - Treatment
| bandage |
| check-up |
| dose (of medicine) |
| drugs |
| injection |
| give some an injection |
| medicine |
| take medicine |
| operation |
| pain-killer |
| pill |
| plaster |
| tablet |
| tranquilizer |
Health and Healthcare - People
| dentist |
| doctor |
| general practitioner |
| midwife |
| nurse |
| patient |
| specialist |
| surgeon |
Health and Healthcare - Places
| hospital |
| operating theatre |
| surgery |
| waiting room |
| ward |
Health and Healthcare - Verbs
| catch |
| cure |
| heal |
| hurt |
| injure |
| operate on |
| prescribe |
| prescription |
| treat |
| treatment |
Health and Healthcare - Adjectives
| fit |
| ill |
| sick |
| feel sick |
| be sick |
| vomit |
| healthy |
| unhealthy |
| painful |
| unwell |
| well |
Professions and Jobs - People
| accountant |
| actor |
| air steward |
| architect |
| assistant |
| personal assistant |
| shop assistant |
| author |
| baker |
| barman / barmaid / bar person |
| builder |
| businessman / businesswoman / executive |
| butcher |
| caretaker |
| chef |
| civil servant |
| clerk |
| computer operator / programmer |
| cook |
| decorator |
| dentist |
| designer |
| director |
| company director |
| film director |
| doctor |
| driver bus / taxi / train driver |
| garbageman )refuse collector) |
| economist |
| editor |
| electrician |
| engineer |
| farmer |
| fisherman |
| fishmonger |
| flight attendant |
| hairdresser |
| head teacher |
| jeweler |
| journalist |
| judge |
| lawyer |
| lecturer |
| manager |
| miner |
| musician |
| news reader / news presenter |
| nurse |
| optician |
| painter |
| photographer |
| pilot |
| plumber |
| police officer |
| politician |
| porter |
| printer |
| prison officer / warder |
| receptionist |
| sailor |
| salesman / saleswoman /salesperson |
| scientist |
| secretary |
| soldier |
| solicitor |
| surgeon |
| tailor |
| teacher |
| telephonist |
| telephone operator |
| travel agent |
| TV cameraman |
| TV presenter |
| vet |
| waiter |
| writer |
The Mind - Verbs
| analyze |
| calculate |
| forget |
| infer |
| memorize |
| realize |
| recognize |
| remember |
| work out |
The Mind - Adjectives
| articulate |
| brainy |
| bright |
| gifted |
| imaginative |
| intelligent |
The Mind - Other Related Words
| brain |
| emotion |
| genius |
| idea |
| intellect |
| knowledge |
| logic |
| memory |
| mind |
| skill |
| talent |
| thought |
| virtuoso |
Money - Banking
| account |
| bank statement |
| bankrupt |
| borrow |
| budget |
| cash |
| cashier |
| check |
| traveler's check |
| credit )card) |
| currency |
| debt |
| deposit |
| exchange rate |
| interest )rate) |
| invest |
| investment |
| lend |
| loan |
| mortgage |
| owe |
| pay |
| save |
| savings |
| shares |
| withdraw |
Money - Buying
| bargain |
| bill |
| cost |
| expense |
| installments |
| price |
| purchase |
| purse |
| receipt |
| reduction |
| refund |
| spend |
| wallet |
Money - Earning
| bonus |
| earn |
| earnings |
| income |
| gross income |
| net income |
| rise |
| salary |
| wage |
Money - Giving
| collection |
| donate |
| donation |
| fee |
| fine |
| grant |
| income tax |
| inherit |
| inheritance |
| pension |
| pocket money |
| rent |
| scholarship |
| tip |
| winnings |
Money - Verbs
| add up |
| go up / down |
| make ends meet |
| pay back |
| pay into |
| put down |
| put towards |
| run out |
| save up |
| take out |
Money - Other Related Words
| profit |
| property |
| valuable |
| value |
| waste of money |
| wealth |
| worth |
| worthless |
Money - Related Adjectives
| affluent |
| broke |
| generous |
| hard-up |
| mean |
| poor |
| prosperous |
| rich |
| stingy |
| wealthy |
| well off |
People and Physical Characteristics - Age
| baby |
| toddler |
| child |
| teenager |
| young man / woman |
| youth |
| middle-aged )man / woman) |
| elderly )man / woman) |
| teens |
| early mid late |
| about |
| twentyish |
| thirty something |
People and Physical Characteristics - Build
| fat |
| overweight |
| slim |
| thin |
| skinny |
| plump |
| stocky |
| well built |
People and Physical Characteristics - Complexion
| fair |
| dark |
| olive |
| pale |
| tanned |
| clear |
| good |
| spotty |
| pimpled |
| freckles |
| spots |
| pimples |
People and Physical Characteristics - Facial Features on Men
| moustache |
| clean-shaven |
| beard |
| long |
| short |
| medium length |
| shoulder length |
| black |
| fair |
| dark |
| red |
| gray |
| going gray |
| light brown |
| blond |
| white |
| curly |
| spiky |
| straight |
| wavy |
| bald |
| receding hairline |
| average height |
| above average |
| below average |
| petite |
| short |
| tall |
Places - Buildings People Live In
| apartment |
| block |
| apartment block |
| block of flats _British English |
| bungalow |
| cottage |
| duplex _American English |
| flat _British English |
| floor on the ground / first / top floor |
| house |
| detached house _British English |
| semi-detached house _British English |
| terraced house |
| story - ten / multi-story building :British English - storey |
Places - Other Buildings
| bar _American English |
| car park |
| castle |
| cathedral |
| church |
| office |
| office block |
| park |
| post office |
| pub |
| restaurant |
| skyscraper |
| station |
| bus station |
| fire station |
| police station |
| railway station |
| town hall |
Places - Stores and Shops
| baker's |
| butcher's |
| department store |
| dry cleaner's |
|
fishmonger's -British English |
| fish-shop |
| greengrocer's |
| grocer's |
| ironmonger's (British English) |
|
hardware store -American English |
| shop |
| shopping mall _American English |
| stationer's |
|
sweetshop -British English |
|
tobacconist's -British English |
Places - Communities
| city |
| capital city |
| port |
| resort |
| holiday resort |
| seaside resort |
| ski resort |
| town |
| village |
Places - Parts and Areas of Communities
| area |
| country area |
| residential area |
| rural area |
| urban area |
| center |
| city center |
| town center |
| district |
| outskirts |
| region |
| suburb |
| in the suburbs |
| suburban _adj |
Places - Geographical Features
| bay |
| beach |
| cliff |
| coast |
| on the coast |
| countryside |
| flat _adj |
| forest |
| hill |
| hilly _adj |
| lake |
| mountain |
| mountainous _adj |
| plain _n |
| river |
| sea |
| seaside |
| shore |
|
stream _n |
| valley |
| wood |
| (woody / wooded (adj |
Science - Inventions
| computer |
| communications satellite |
| microchip |
| microscope |
| microwave |
| robot |
| speedometer |
| thermometer |
Science - People
| inventor |
| researcher |
| scientist |
| technician |
Science - Machinery
| appliance |
| engine |
| gadget |
| machine |
Science - Adjectives
| battery- / mains-operated |
| high-tech |
| mobile |
| portable |
| remote controlled |
| scientific |
| technical |
Science - Space
| astronaut |
| cosmonaut |
| earth |
| gravity |
| launch |
| moon |
| orbit |
| planet |
| space |
| space craft |
| space shuttle |
| space station |
| space suit |
| weightless-ness |
Science - Verbs
| discover |
| experiment |
| invent |
| research |
Science - Other Related Words
| fax |
| lab |
| patent |