Lets learn English

Don’t waste these three: Time, Money and Energy

Lets learn English

Don’t waste these three: Time, Money and Energy

پروردگارا

پروردگارا:

به من آرامش ده تا بپذیرم انچه را نمی توانم تغییر دهم

دلیری ده تا تغییر دهم هر آنچه را می توانم تغییر دهم

بینش ده تا تفاوت این دو را بدانم

مرا فهم ده تا متوقع نباشم دنیا و مردم آن مطابق میل من رفتار کنند

Part of Speech (one of the grammatical groups, such as noun, verb and adjective, into which words are divided depending on their use)

: : Noun - a word that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality
: :
Article - any of the English words 'a', 'an' and 'the' or words in other languages that do the same job as these
: :
Adjective - a word that describes a noun or pronoun: 'big', 'boring', 'purple', 'quick' and 'obvious' are all adjectives
          : :
Degrees of Comparison (Adjectives)
: : Adverb - a word which describes or gives more information about a verb, adjective, adverb or phrase
          : :
Degrees of Comparison (Adverbs)
: : Pronoun - a word which is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase
: :
Verb - a word or phrase that describes an action, condition or experience.

: : Verb Tense - A verb tense shows when an action or state happens (past, present or future). It also indicates whether the action is ongoing or complete. There are 12 (basic) verb tenses in English. The name of a tense is not always a guide to when the action happens. The Present Continuous Tense, for example, can be used to talk about the present or the future.

ٍEnglish language

English - the International Language

 

 

A language is the soul of its people      

 

English is part of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It is spoken as a native language by around 377 million and as a second language by around 375 million speakers in the world. Speakers of English as a second language will soon outnumber those who speak it as a first language.

Around 750 million people are believed to speak English as a foreign language. English has an official or a special status in 75 countries with a total population of over 2 billion.

The domination of the English language globally is undeniable. English is the language of diplomacy and international communications, business, tourism, education, science, computer technology, media and Internet. Because English was used to develop communication, technology, programming, software, etc, it dominates the web. 70% of all information stored electronically is in English.

British colonialism in the 19th century and American capitalism and technological progress in the 20th century were undoubtedly the main causes for the spread of English throughout the world.

The English language came to British Isles from northern Europe in the fifth century. From the fifteenth century, the British began to sail all over the world and became explorers, colonists and imperialists. They took the English language to North America, Canada and the Caribbean, to South Africa, to Australia and New Zealand, to South Asia (especially India), to the British colonies in Africa, to South East Asia and the South Pacific.

The USA has played a leading role in most parts of the world for the last hundred years. At the end of the 19th century and first quarter of the 20th, it welcomed millions of European immigrants who had fled their countries ravaged by war, poverty or famine. This labor force strengthened American economy. The Hollywood film industry also attracted many foreign artists in quest of fame and fortune and the number of American films produced every year soon flooded the market. Before the Treaty of Versailles (1919), which ended the First World War between Germany and the Allies, diplomacy was conducted in French. However, President Woodrow Wilson succeeded in having the treaty in English as well. Since then, English started being used in diplomacy and gradually in economic relations and the media.

The future of English as a global language will depend very largely on the political, economical, demographic and cultural trends in the world. The beginning of the 21st century is a time of global transition. According to some experts, faster economic globalization is going hand in hand with the growing use of English. More and more people are being encouraged to use English rather than their own language. On the other hand, the period of most rapid change can be expected to be an uncomfortable and at times traumatic experience for many people around the world. Hence, the oposite view, that the next 20 years or so will be a critical time for the English language and for those who depend upon it. The patterns of usage and public attitudes to English which develop during this period will have long-term effects for its future in the world.

*Sources

David Crystal
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
English as a global language, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

David Graddol
The Future of English?, London The British Council, 1997


today's idiom Anger _ irritation

                       To be up in arms 

  If you are up in arms about something, you are very angry.
  "The population was up in arms over the demolition of the old theatre."

                       Get off my back!

  If you tell somebody to get off your back, you ask them to stop
  finding faults or criticizing you.

         Like a bear with a sore head

  If someone is behaving like a bear with a sore head, they are very
  irritable and bad-tempered.
  "When his team lost the match, Brad was like a bear with a sore head."

               Bite someone's head off

  If you bite someone's head off, you criticize them strongly
  (and perhaps unfairly).
  "I worked 10 hours a day all week and my boss bit my head off for
  not doing my share of the work!"

                              Blow a fuse

  If you blow a fuse, you suddenly lose your temper and become
  very angry.
 
"Charlie blew a fuse yesterday when he discovered that his ipod
  had been stolen."

 Have a bone to pick with someone

  To say that you have a bone to pick with somebody means that
  you are annoyed with them and want to talk to them about it.

      In somebody's good/bad books

  If you are in somebody's good or bad books, you have their approval
  or disapproval.
  "I'm in my wife's bad books at the moment because I forgot our wedding
   anniversary!"

                      For crying out loud

  This expression is used to show irritation, exasperation or anger.
 
"For crying out loud! Turn that television off!"

                        Drive up the wall

  If somebody or something drives you up the wall, they do something
  that greatly annoys or irritates you.
  "I can't concentrate with all the noise - it's driving me up the wall!"

                        Flea in one's ear

  After an attempt at something, if you are sent away with a flea in
  your ear
, you are angrily reprimanded or humiliated.
 
"When he tried to put the blame on Pete, he was sent away with
  a flea in his ear."

                        Fly off the handle

  A person who flies off the handle becomes suddenly very angry.
  "Dad flew off the handle when I told him I had damaged his new car."

                     Foam at the mouth

  Someone who foams at the mouth is extremely angry about
  something.
 
"The director was foaming at the mouth when he saw a picture of his
  children in the newspaper."

          Get your knickers in a twist

  If you get your knickers in twist, you are angry, nervous or upset
  faced with a difficult situation
  "Don't get your knickers in a twist!  Everything is under control."

                  Get in someone's hair 

  If you are getting in somebody's hair, you are annoying them so
  much that they can't get on with what they're doing.
  "I'd finish the report more quickly if my colleague wasn't getting in
  my hair all the time!"

                       Go through the roof 

  If someone goes through the roof, they become very angry
 
 "His father went through the roof when Paul damaged his new car."

                            Good riddance!

  This expression is used to express relief at becoming free of an
  unpleasant or unwanted person or thing.
 
"Our horrible neighbour has moved house, and all I can say is 'good
   riddance'!"

                      Hot under the collar

  If you get hot under the collar, you feel annoyed, indignant or
  embarrassed.
  "If anyone criticizes his proposals, Joe immediately gets hot
  under the collar."

          

              Look daggers at someone

  Someone who looks daggers at another looks at them very angrily.
  "David looked daggers at Paul when he invited his new girlfriend to dance."

                 Make one's hackles rise

  If someone makes your hackles rise, they make you angry.
  "Her constant criticism really makes my hackles rise!"

                       More heat than light

  If a discussion or debate generates more heat than light, it causes
  anger or intense reaction but doesn't clarify anything.
  "The meeting that was held to discuss the problem generated more
  heat than light."

                                   Kick yourself

  If you feel like kicking yourself, you are angry with yourself for
  something you have done or not done.
  "I could have kicked myself for forgetting Julie's birthday."

                   Like a red flag to a bull

  To say that a statement or action is like a red flag to a bull means
  that it is sure to make someone very angry or upset.
  "Don't mention Tom's promotion to Mike.  It would be like a red flag
  to a bull!"

                        Like a ton of bricks

  If somebody comes down on you like a ton of bricks,
 
they criticize you severely because you have done something wrong.

                     Have a quick temper

  If you have a quick temper, you get angry very easily.
  "He makes me nervous - he's got such a quick temper."

                               Rant and rave

  If you rant and rave about something, you protest noisily and forcefully.
  "The old man ranted and raved about the new waste collection system,
  but he had to accept it."

                                    Road rage

 Aggressive driving habits sometimes resulting in violence against other
 drivers.
 
"A number of car accidents today are a result of road rage."

                       د                See red

  If someone sees red, they suddenly become very angry or annoyed
  about something.
  "Discrimination of any kind makes me see red!"

      Smooth somebody's ruffled       feathers

  If you smooth somebody's ruffled feathers, you make that person
  feel less angry or offended.
  "Tom took the criticism badly, but James managed to smooth his
  ruffled feathers"

           That makes my blood boil!

  If something makes your blood boil, it makes you really angry.
  "His condescending attitude made my blood boil!"

                      That's going too far! 

  If you go too far, you do something that is considered extreme or
  unacceptable.
  "Stealing is bad, but stealing from a poor person is really going too far!"

                    That takes the biscuit!

  This expression refers to something very irritating or annoying.
  "After waiting for an hour, we were told that there were no seats left.
  That really took the biscuit!"

                      That's the last straw!

  The expression means that  this is the latest unpleasant event,
  and that you cannot tolerate the situation any longer.

                                Wink of sleep

  If someone doesn't get a wink of sleep, they don't sleep at all.
  "It was so noisy in the hotel, I didn't get a wink of sleep."
 

 

 

today's word

 

lambaste \lam-BAYST\, transitive v:
1. To give a thrashing to; to beat severely.
2. To scold sharply; to attack verbally; to berate 

someone who spends most of his time lambasting his opponents for supporting the wrong ideas and the wrong courses of action.

ادامه مطلب ...

talking with God

 “We need to find God, and he cannot be found in noise and restlessness. God is the friend of silence. See how nature - trees, flowers, grass- grows in silence; see the stars, the moon and the sun, how they move in silence... We need silence to be able to touch souls.”

"ََApartment" vocabulary

Last month, I decided to move out of my parents' place and start living on my own. I searched in the newspaper for apartment listings and found a place not too far from my work. The landlord showed me around the apartment, and because it suited my needs, I signed the rental agreement and paid a deposit, some of which I might get back when I move out. The apartment has two bedrooms, one bathroom, a living room, and kitchen. It also has a small utility room where I keep my washer and dryer. Right before I moved in, the landlord put in new carpet and had the walls painted, so it looks like a new place. The rent is $650 a month, not including utilities. I pay about $100 for gas, electricity, water, sewage, and Internet service. Unfortunately, the apartment complex doesn't allow pets, so my dog has to stay with my parents for now. I might get a roommate at some point to share expenses, but I haven't decided on that yet. The place looks a little empty because it isn't furnished, but for the time being, I only have the basics: a bed, a table, a small sofa in the living room, and a TV. It's not as liveable and cozy as my parents' place, but it will have to do for now

Airport vocabulary

The airport is your first stop before leaving on our dream vacation or trip. Generally speaking, you should arrive at the airport with plenty of time to spare. Don't arrive 10 minutes before your plane departs. You can park your car in long-term parking if you are planning to be away for a few days, or you can ask someone to drop you off in the loading zone right in front of the airport terminal. In some cases, you can check your bags there at curbside, or you might have to go to the check-in counter inside the airport. Many airports now allow you to check in at a computer kiosk, but you will still need to check your bags if you have any. Once you are checked in, you will have to pass through security where they will check your ID and your carry-on bags. You will also need to walk through a metal detector, which will check for illegal items. After you pass through security, you can walk to the gate where you can wait to board your flight. Just wait until they call your section to board. They usually seat first-class passengers and those who need assistance first. Enjoy your flight

stress

معمولاً تکیه هر کلمه روی ریشه کلمه است. غالباً در اسمها چون ریشه کلمه در بخش اول می باشد تکیه روی بخش اول است.

 

'doctor                 'paper

2. معمولاً در فعل ها چون ریشه کلمه در بخش دوم است تکیه روی بخش دوم است.

 

 be'gin                en'joy

 

3. اکثر پسوندها مانند (ful – ness- est- er- or- ing- en- ed- es) تکیه ندارند.

 

 

'watches – 'worked – 'broken – 'playing – 'actor – 'teacher – 'biggest – 'kindness – 'useful

 

 4. اکثر پیشوندها مانند (be – re – pre – mis – in – un – im) تکیه ندارند.

 

Im'possible – un'happy – in'fact – mis'take – re'port – pre'tend – be'fore

 

5. در کلماتی که با tele شروع می شوند تکیه روی tele می باشد.

 

'telephone                'television

 

6. در اسامی روزهای هفته، اسامی فصل ها تکیه روی بخش اول است.

 

 'Sunday                    'summer                       'holiday

 

7. سیلاب قبل از tion دارای تکیه است.

 

 'dictionary                  infor'mation                 conver'sation  

8. در کلماتی که به teen ختم می شوند تکیه روی teen می باشد.

 

 fif 'teen                       six'teen

 

9. در کلماتی که به nese ختم می شوند تکیه روی nese می باشد.

 

Chin'ese                     Japan'ese

 

10. در اعدادی که به ty ختم می شوند تکیه روی قسمت اول است.

 

 'forty                           'fifty

11. در اسمهای مربوط به روابط خویشاوندی تکیه روی بخش اول است.

 

 'mother                     'brother               'sister              'brother – in – law

12. در اسامی مرکب (noun + noun) تکیه روی بخش اول است.

 

 'classroom                'football

 

13. در ترکیب (noun + adjective ) استرس روی اسم قرار دارد .

 

green 'house              cheap 'skates

 

14. هرگاه بخشی از کلمه صدای اِ کوتاه /ə/ بدهد آن بخش از کلمه دارای تکیه نیست و تکیه روی بخش دیگر است.

 

a'gain                          a'bout

 

15. ضمائر، حروف تعریف، حروف اضافه و افعال Modal و کلمات مخفف دارای تکیه ضعیف هستند.

 

It's 'good

16. در ترکیباتی که با good شروع می شود مانند good bye  استرس روی کلمه بعدی است.

 

good 'bye                    good 'morning

 

17. در ضمایر انعکاسی استرس روی کلمه self قرار دارد.

 

my'self                              your'self

 

18. در دو بخشی های مختوم به ow استرس روی بخش اول قرار دارد.

 

'borrow                              'yellow

 

19. در بعضی از کلمات با تغییر استرس اسم به فعل تبدیل می شود.

 

'import(noun)                    im'port(verb)

'present(noun)                  pre'sent(verb)

 

کلمات تافل




what's your idea about these words

A      affable    affinity    affliction    affluent    alacrity    alleviate    ambiguous    ambivalent    amiable    animosity    annex    apocryphal    apprehensive    aqueous    arduous    aroma    atone    attrition    avarice      bellicose    belligerent    beneficiary    brazen    brusque


C      capricious    charisma    chastise    cognitive    coherent    complicity    comprehensive    concoct    condone    congenial    congenital    consensus    contiguous    convivial    cryptic    culpable    curtail


D      dangle    dearth    deference    delineate    derogatory    diligent    disparage    docile    doleful    dormant    drought    dubious    dumbfound    duplicity


E      eccentric    efface    egocentric    elucidate    eminent    enchant    endeavor    enigma    enthral    esoteric    exacerbate    extol    extraneous


F      felicity    fidelity    flagrant    flimsy    frugal    futile


G      gaudy    ghastly    gluttony    gratuitous    gregarious    grumble


H      haughty    heterogeneous    homogeneous    hypocrisy


I      imminent    impediment    indigenous    indulgent    ingenuous    inherent    insatiate    instigate    intrepid    irate J      jeopardy L      laconic    lament    latent    lithe    lurid    leash    loafer    lucrative    lustrous


 

M      malign    meddle    mend    mendacious    minuscule    mirth    munificent


N      nausea    neglect    nihilism    nocturnal    nominal    notorious    noxious    nuance


O      oblique    obscure    officious    opaque parsimonious    pejorative    


P       perch    pervade    petulant    philanthropy    philistine    pillage    plethora    ponderous    postulate    precipitous    precursor    presumptuous    prevail    prodigious    prodigy    proliferate    prolific    proprietary    provident    proximity    prudent Q      quashed    quenching


R      rancor    reciprocal    reclusive    renaissance    replenish    reproach    reticent    reverberate    revere    rigor    rotundity    rudimentary


S      salvage    scattered    scrupulous    sentient    serendipity    shatter    shunned    sketchy    sporadic    squander    stagnation    stifled    strive    subjugate    sublime    succumb    superfluous    surreptitious

T      taciturn    taciturn    tangible    tantalize    tenacious    tentative    torpid    treacherous    tremor    tyro U      uproar


V      vanity    vehemence    venerate    verisimilitude    vestige    vigilance    vilify    vindicate    visionary    vitriolic    volatile    voluptuous


W      wa       n                                                                 wile                                                 wrinkle       

ٍEnglish spelling rules

ENGLISH SPELLING RULES
Short and Long Vowels

1. To spell a short vowel sound, only one letter is needed:
 
                 at           red            it            hot           up

2. To spell a long sound you must add a second vowel. The second may be next to the first, in the VVC pattern (boat, maid, cue, etc.) or it may be separated from the first one by a consonant in the VCV pattern (made, ride, tide, etc.). If the second vowel is separated from the first by two spaces, it does not affect the first one. This is the VCCV pattern in which the first vowel remains short. Thus, doubling a consonant can be called "protecting" a short vowel because it prevents an incoming vowel from getting close enough to the first one to change its sound from short to long: 

          maid,  made,  but  madder;            dine,  diner,  but dinner.

Spelling the Sound /k/

This sound can be spelled in any one of four ways:

1. c     2. cc     3. k        4. ck

1. The single letter, c , is the most common spelling. It may be used anywhere in a word:

cat

corn

actor

victim

direct

mica

scat 

bacon 

public 

cactus 

inflict 

pecan

 

2. Sometimes the letter c must be doubled to cc to protect the sound of a short vowel:

stucco 

baccalaureate 

hiccups

Mecca 

tobacco 

buccaneer

occupy

raccoon 

succulent 

 

3. The letter k is substituted for c if /k/ is followed by an e, i, or y.

kin 

make 

sketch 

poker 

kind 

risky

skin 

token 

skill 

keep 

liking 

flaky

 

(Boring examples? How about kyphosis, kylix, keratosis, and dyskinesia?)

4. Similarly, the spelling ck, is substituted for cc if the following letter is an e, i, or y:

lucky 

picking 

rocking 

finicky

blackest 

mackintosh 

frolicked 

ducking

Kentucky 

picnicking 

stocking 

Quebecker


5. The letters, k and ck are more than substitutes for c and cc. They are used to spell /k/ at the end of a monosyllable. The digraph, ck, ALWAYS follows a short vowel:

sack 

duck 

lick 

stick 

wreck 

clock

 

(Forget about yak. Your student will never need it.)

The letter, k, follows any other sound:

milk 

soak 

make 

bark

tank 

peek 

bike 

cork

tusk 

hawk 

duke 

perk


The Sound, /j/
The sound, /j/ is spelled in three ways:
j ge and dge.

1. The letter j is usually used if the sound if followed by an a, o, or u.

just 

jam 

jungle 

injure 

major 

adjacent 

jog 

jar 

Japan 

jury 

job 

Benjamin

adjust 

jacket 

jolly 

jaguar 

jump 

jalousie

 

2. Since the letter g has the soft sound of /j/ when it is followed by an e, i, or y, it is usually used in this situation:

gentle 

ginger 

aging 

algebra

Egyptologist 

gem 

origin 

gym

 

2. If /j/ follows a short vowel sound, it is usually spelled with dge. This is because the letter j, is never doubled in English.

badge 

ridge 

dodge 

partridge 

gadget

judge 

edge 

smudge 

judgement 

budget


The Sound, /ch/

The sound /ch/ has two spellings: tch after a short vowel, ch anywhere else:

witch 

sketch 

botch 

satchel

catch 

hatchet 

kitchen 

escutcheon

Exceptions:
Which, rich, much, such, touch, bachelor, attach, sandwich, and ostrich.

The Sound, /kw/
This sound is ALWAYS spelled with the letters, qu, never anything else.

Using -le

Words ending in -le, such as little, require care. If the vowel sound is short, there must be two consonants between the vowel and the -le. Otherwise, one consonant is enough.

li tt le

ha nd le

ti ck le

a mp le

bo tt le

pu zz le

cru mb le

a ng le

 

bugle

able

poodle

dawdle 

needle 

idle 

people

 

Odds and Ends

1. The consonants, v, j, k, w, and x are never doubled.
2. No normal English words ends with the letter v. A final /v/ is always spelled with
ve, no matter what the preceding vowel sound may be:

have 

give 

sleeve 

cove 

receive 

love 

connive 

brave 

 

Adding Endings

There are two kinds of suffixes, those that begin with a vowel and those that begin with a consonant. As usual, the spelling problems occur with the vowels:
 

Vowel Suffixes

 

Consonant Suffixes

- - - age

 - - -ist

 - - - ness

- - - cess

- - - ant 

- - - ish

 - - -less

- - -ment

- - -ance

 - - -ing

 - - -ly

 - - -ty

- - - al

- - -ar

 - - -ful

 - - -ry

 - - -ism

 - - -o

 - - -hood

 - - -ward

- - -able 

- - -on

 - - -wise

 

- - -an

- - -ous

 

 

- - - a

 - - -or

 

 

- - -es

 - - -ual

 

 

- - -ed

 - - -unt

 

 

- - -er

- - -um

 

 

- - -est

  - - -us

 

 

- - -y

 - - -ive

 

 


1. Words that end in the letter y must have the y changed to i before adding any suffix:

body - bodily 

marry - marriage 

many - manifold 

family -  familiar 

happy - happiness

puppy - puppies

beauty - beautiful 

vary - various  

company - companion

fury - furious 

plenty - plentiful 

merry - merriment


2. In words that end in a silent e you must drop it before you add a vowel suffix. The silent e is no longer needed to make the preceding vowel long as the incoming vowel will do the trick:

ride - riding 

cure - curable 

use - usual 

age - aging 

fame - famous 

force - forcing 

refuse -  refusal 

slice - slicing

pure - purity 

ice - icicle

nose - nosy 

convince - convincing

globe - global 

race - racist 

pole - polar 

offense - offensive


 3. Words that end in an accented short or modified vowel sound must have the final consonant doubled to protect that sound when you add a vowel suffix:

Quebec - Quebecker

remit - remittance 

confer - conferring 

refer - referred 

upset - upsetting 

shellac - shellacking

occur - occurred 

concur- concurrent

 

Note that this doubling is not done if the accent is not on the last syllable. If the word ends in a schwa, there is no need to "protect" it.

open - opening 

organ - organize 

focus - focused

refer - referee 

 

4. Normally you drop a silent e before adding a vowel suffix. However, if the word ends in -ce or -ge and the incoming vowel is an a, o, or u, you cannot cavalierly toss out that silent e. It is not useless: it is keeping its left-hand letter soft, and your a, o, or u will not do that. Thus:

manage - manageable 

peace - peaceable 

courage - courageous 

revenge - vengeance

surge - surgeon 

change - changeable 

notice - noticeable 

outrage - outrageous


Gorgeous George bludgeoned a pigeon noticeably! Tsk.


5. Adding consonant suffixes is easy. You just add them. (Of course you must change a final y to i before you add any suffix.)

peace - peaceful  

harm - harmless  

age - ageless

pity - pitiful 

child - childhood

rifle - riflery

/sh/

When this sound occurs before a vowel suffix, it is spelled ti, si, or ci.

partial 

cautious 

patient 

vacation

special 

deficient 

suspicion 

suction

inerti

delicious 

rati

pension

musician 

physician 

optician 

quotient

electrician 

nutrition 

statistician 

expulsion

/ee/ before a vowel suffix

When /ee/ precedes a vowel suffix, it is usually spelled with the letter i:

Indian 

obvious 

medium

ingredient 

zodiac 

material



Spelling Determined by Word Meaning

1. Mist and missed sound alike, as do band and banned. To determine the spelling, remember that -ed is a past-tense tending.

a.                     The mist drifted into the harbor.

b.                     I nearly missed my bus.

c.                      The movie was banned in Boston.

d.                     The band played on.

2. The endings of dentist and finest sound alike. Deciding which one to use can be tricky. One rule helps but doesn't cover all cases:

a.                     --ist is a suffix meaning someone who does something:
   artist    -   machinist    -   druggist

b.                     --est is the ending used on superlative adjectives:
   finest    -   sweetest    -   longest

3. The sounds at the end of musician and condition sound alike. but....

a.                     cian always means a person, where...

b.                     tion or sion are never used for people.


4. How do you tell whether to use tion or sion?

a.                     If the root word ends in /t/, use -tion: complete, completion

b.                     If the root word ends in /s/ or /d/, use sion: extend, extension
suppress, suppression

c.                      If the sound of the last syllable is the "heavy" sound of /zhun/ rather than the light sound, /shun/, use s: confusion, vision, adhesion

Exception: The ending, --mit becomes -mission:

permit - permission 

omit - omission

submit - submission 

commit - commission


The Hiss

1. The letter s between vowels sounds like a z:

nose 

result 

noise

present 

partisan 

tease

preside 

resound 

reserve


2. The light "hissy" sound is spelled with either ss or ce. Predictably, ss, like any proper doubled consonant, follows accented short vowels. Soft c is used anywhere else. (A soft c is one that is followed by e, i, or y).

notice 

reticent 

massive

bicycle 

recent 

gossip

russet 

rejoice 

essence

vessel 

discuss 

pass


3. The plural ending is always spelled with a single letter s unless you can hear a new syllable on the plural word. In that case, use -es:

loss, losses

bank, banks

 twitch, twitches

tree, trees

box, boxes

list, lists 

judge, judges

 


No compendium of spelling rules would be complete with the most important rule of all:
WHEN IN DOUBT, ASK (or look it up)

But ask first - it's quicker.

your words

 

please write your words

 

New words Connecting words My words
vocabulary book
word
write
 
live home
parents
 
 
city town
village
 
 
work job
 
 
 
table chair
furniture
 
 
house big
garden
 
 
train platform
plane
catch
 
cheap expensive
buy
 
 
food breakfast
dinner
eat
 
drink waiter
milk
wine
 

ََََAnimal Idioms

alley cat

- a stray cat                                                     گربه خیابانی

I began to feed the alley cat and now it comes to my house every day.

as awkward as a cow on roller skates

- very awkward                                        خیلی خجالتی

The little girl was as awkward as a cow on roller skates when she first began riding her bicycle.

as blind as a bat                                     نابینا

- blind

The man is as blind as a bat and cannot see more than a small distance ahead.

as busy as a beaver

- very busy                           گرفتار بودن _ پر مشغله

I have been as busy as a beaver all morning trying to finish my work.

as clean as a hound's tooth

- very clean                                        خیلی تمیز و پاکیزه بودن                                                                     

The classroom was as clean as a hound's tooth when the students finished cleaning it.

ریشه لغات

مثال

معنا

ریشه لغت

anthropoid

انسان

anthro

automation

خود

auto

bibliography

کتاب

bibl

chromosome

رنگ

chrome

chronicle

وقت، زمان

chron

cosmology

ترتیب، جهان

cosm

bicycle, cyclist

چرخ، دایره

cycle

edict, predict

گفتن

dic, dict

produce, conduct

هدایت کردن

duc, duct

factory, manufacture, affect, perfect

ساختن

fac, fact, fect

formation, formal

شکل

form

effort, fortify

قوی

fort

geology, geography

زمین

geo

telegram, graphic

نوشتن

gram, graph

heterodox

غیر، دیگری

hetero

homology, homonym

یکسان، همان

homo

theology, logical

مطالعه، کلام

log, logy

manual, manufacture

دست

man, manu

maternal, matrimony

مادر

mater, matri

mediator

وسط

medi

permit, missionary

فرستادن

mit, miss

multiply,

بسیار

multi

synonym, nomenclature, nominate

نام

nomen, nym

omniscience, omnipresent

همه

omni

pantheism

همه

pan

paternal, patriarchy

پدر

pater, patri

sympathy

احساس، درد

pathy

philosophy

عشق، دوست داشتن

phil

telephone, phonetic

صدا

phon

transport, export, import

حمل کردن

port

describe, description

نوشتن

scrib, script

sequence, consequently

دنبال کردن

sequ, secut

philosopher, sophistication

عقل، عاقل

soph

taxonomy, tactic, contact

ترتیب

tax, tact

telescope

دور

tele

temporary

وقت، زمان

tempor

attract, contract

کشیدن

tract

convene, invent

امدن، رفتن

vene, vent

convert, conversation

برگشتن، برگرداندن

vert, verse

vocabulary, vocation

صدازدن

voc,vok

involve, voluntarily

گرداندن

volve, volue

talking with God

...

I dreamed I was walking along the beach with God.

خیال میکردم که در کنار ساحل با خدا قدم می زنم

Across the sky flashed scenes from my life.

در میان آسمان تصویری از زندگیم جلوه گر شد

For each scene, I noticed two sets of footprints in the sand;

در هر قسمت دو جای پا بر روی شن ها دیدم

One belonging to me, and the other to God.

یکی متعلق به من و دیگری به خدا

When the last scene of my life flashed before me.

وقتی آخرین صحنه زندگیم نمایان شد

I looked back at the footprints in the sand.

بازگشتم و به جای پای روی شن ها نگریستم

I noticed that many times along the path of my life there was only one set of foot prints.

دیدم که چندین زمان در طول زندگانیم یک جای پا بیشتر نیست

I also noticed that it happened at very lowest and saddest times in my life.

همچنین دریافتم که این در سخت ترین و غمناک ترین لحظات زندگیم اتفاق افتاده است

This really bothered me so I questioned God about it.

این موضوع مرا براستی میرنجاند پس برای رفع ابهامم از خدا سوال کردم.

"God, you said that once I decided to follow you. You'd walk with me all the way."

خداوندا فرمودی که اگر به تو ایمان بیاورم، هیچ گاه مرا تنها نخواهی گذاشت

But I have noticed that during the most troublesome times in my life, there is only one set of footprint.

اما دیدم که در سخت ترین لحظات زندگیم فقط یک جای پا بیشتر نیست

I don't understand why when I needed you most you would leave me.

نمیدانم چرا در زمانی که بیشترین نیاز را به تو داشتم، تنهایم گذاشتی

God replied, "My precious, precious child"

خدا فرمود: فرزند عزیزم

I love you, and I would never leave you.

تو را دوست دارم و هرگز تنهایت نمی گذارم

During your times of trial and suffering, when you see only one set of footprints

اگر در مواقع سختی و رنج فقط یک جای پا می بینی

It was then that I carried you.

در آن لحظات تو را بدوش کشیدم

(vocabulary (friends

friend vocabulary: friend / pal / buddy keypal / penfriend /acquaintance/ roommate /classmate /colleague/ partner /date /boyfriend /co-worker/ associate /companion /get together with /go steady / go out with hang out with spend time with meet see someone (=date) Also,/ treat someone to dinner

gift

آنچه که هستی هدیه خداوند به توست و آنچه که می شوی هدیه تو به خداوند ، پس بی نظیر باش .



The person that you are, is gods gift to you, and the one you will be is your Gift to god, so be perfect and excellent.