Senses

hearing

sight

smell

taste

touch

Senses - Verbs

catch a glimpse

glance

glimpse

hear

listen

look at

notice

observe

scan

see

stare

watch

Senses - Other Related Words

colorـblind

deaf

eyesight

hard of hearing

short- / long- sighted

Sports

Sports - Equipment

gall

football

hockey ball

golf ball

bat

cue

golf club

hockey stick

ice-skates

racing car

racket

saddle

sailboard

skis

shuttle cock

surfboard

Sports - People

athlete

badminton player

basketball player

boxer

cyclist

diver

footballer /football player

golfer

gymnast

hockey player

jockey

ice-skater

racing driver

rider

rugby player

skater

skier

snooker player

squash player

surfer

swimmer

tennis player

volleyball player

weight-lifter

Sports - Places

circuit

court

course

gym

pitch

ring

rink

stadium

Sports - Names of Sports

athletics _do

badminton _play

basketball _play

boxing

cycling

diving

football _play

golf _play

gymnastics _do

hockey _play

horse-racing

ice-skating

motor-racing

riding

rugby _play

skiing

snooker _play

squash _play

surfing

swimming

tennis _play

volleyball _play

weightlifting

windsurfing

Sports - Related Words

amateur

ace

basket

captain

cup

game

goal

kit

match

medal

net

professional

race

record

referee

skill

spectators

team

whistle

Sports - Verbs

beat

box

catch

cycle

dive

draw

hit

kick

lose

miss

pass

pot

practice

race

ride

save

score _a point / a goal

serve

shoot

skate

ski

swim

surf

tackle

train

throw

volley

win

Travel

Travel - Air

airport

check-in

fly

land

landing

plane

take off

Travel - General Related Words

destination

journey

passenger

route

travel

travel agent

trip

Travel - Holidays

camp

go camping

charger flight

cruise

excursion

(youth) hostel

hotel

luggage

motel

package holiday

self-catering holiday

sightseeing

go sightseeing

suitcase

tour

tourism

tourist

vacation

Travel - Land

bicycle

bike

bus

bus station

car

coach

coach station

lane

motorbike

motorway

rail

go by rail

railway

railway station

road

main road

minor road

taxi

traffic

train

tube

underground

subway

Travel - Sea

boat

crossing

ferry

port

sail

sea

set sail

ship

voyage

Travel - Verbs

board (boat / plane)

go by

go on board

get on board

hitch-hike

set off

The Weather - Describing the Weather

The Weather - Describing the Weather

breeze

breezy

bright

clear

cloud

cloudy

damp

drizzle

drizzly

dry

dull

fog

foggy

hailstone

lightning

rain

raindrop

rainfall

rainy

shower

showery

snow

snowfall

snowflake

snowy

storm

stormy

sun

sunny

sunshine

thunder

wet

wind

windy

The Weather - The Temperature

chilly

cold

freezing

hot

mild

scorching

warm

The Weather - Verbs

glow

freeze

hail

pour (with ran)

rain

shine

snow

مترادفها

Ago and Before

Ago is used when the point of reference is the present. It means 'before now".

Before is used when the point of reference is not the present. It means "before then", "earlier".

I started working for this firm three years ago.

Last summer, I finally left the firm that I had joined eighteen years before. (Swan, 1980: 32)

Beautiful and Pretty

Beautiful is the opposite of ugly. Anything that you find very pleasing. Attractive or desirable can be called beautiful. Beautiful is used to describe so many things that it may not mean much any more. 

Pretty describes those things that are pleasant and nice to look at but are not grand enough or important enough to called beautiful. (Schiller et al, 1969: 59) Beautiful when describing people, beautiful and pretty are generally used of women and children and handsome of men. They all relate to the pleasing appearance of face. Beautiful is a serious and approving description, suggesting elegance and perfection.

Pretty may suggest a delicate feminine appearance and can be used disapprovingly of men. Handsome may be applied to women and suggest dignity and maturity. Good looking and attractive are used of both men and women. (Oxford Dictionary, 1989)

Begin and Start

Begin and start have almost the same meaning. You can use either word in almost every case, but start is better when you making the first actual move. Begin can mean set about to do something.

Start means change from being still to moving. It also means come into being. When you start walking, you take the first step.(Schiller et al, 1969:347)

In many cases, begin and start can be used with no real difference. In informal style, start is more common than begin. Start is used in same cases where begin is not possible.

1.      "To start a journey".

I think we ought to start at six, while the roads are still clear.

"To start working".(for machines)

    The car wont start.

2.     "To make (machines) start.

How do you start the washing machine? (Swan, 1980,103)

Big

when something is called big, it may be big in size or in importance. A big dog can jump over a fence, but a little dog can't. Big is a word that can be used to describe almost anything that is bigger than something else. (Schiller et al, 1969:44)

Big and Large

Big and large are used when talking about physical size, extent, capacity or number. Big is more informal. Large is not normally used to describe people. Her husband is a very big man. Great is mostly used when talking (usually approvingly) a bout important, quality, ability or extent. Large and great are very similar in meaning when used with amount, quantity and number.(Oxford Dictionary: 1989)

Large is the opposite of little or small. Large means bigger in size or amount than other things like it. Like the word big, the word large is used for many things of different sizes, and you cant really tell what a person means when he calls something large unless he is measuring its size against something else like it. (Schiler et al, 1969: 132)

Big and Large

When we talk about size, we use both big and large. There is a difference of style, big is a more conversational word, large is a little more formal. (Swan, 1980: 109)

Close and Shut

Close is more common than shut to talk about slow gradual movements, like flowers closing at night.

Close is also used more often in a formal o solemn style; shut is more common when we are taking roughly or rudely.

He sank back on the pillow and closed his eyes for the last time. (Swan, 1980: 139)

Close and Shut

Close means the same as shut and is more formal.

Shut/close the door.

When referring to the opening hours of public pleas both shut and close are used. Note close in the following example:

Museums are closed to the public on Monday.

Close can mean "terminate" and "Make smaller". It is also used of road, railway, etc.

They've closed the road because of an accident. (Oxford Dictionary, 1989)

Every and Each

Every and each  are generally used as determiners before singular countable nouns . Each is used when the items in a group ( of two or more ) are considered individually . Every indicates that all the items in a group ( of three or more ) are being regarded as members of that group .It can be modified by some adverbs : Every / Nearly .Each on of and every one of comes before  plural nouns or pronouns , but the verb is still singular .

Each of the houses is slightly different .

Each can function as a pronoun on its own .

I asked all the children and each told a different story .

It can also follow a plural subject or an indirect object with a plural verb .

We each have a different point of view. ( Oxford Dictionary , 1989 )

Each is thus more individual and specific but Every is the emphatic word . ( Fitikides ,1963 :119 ) 

Excuse me and Pardon me

We say Excuse me to someone if we want to get his or her attention or before we do something that might disturb him or her. We say sorry or (formally) I bag your pardon when we need to apologize for something.

In US English pardon me and Excuse me are used for apologize. We say pardon? When we didn't hear what someone said and want them to repeat it. In this case sorry? Is also used in British English and Excuse me? or pardon me? In US English. (Oxford Dictionary, 1989)

Fast, Quick and Rapid

Fast (adj) moving or doing quickly, rapid; a fast car, horse, runner, ie one that can move at high speed. b) happening quickly.

quick: a) (capable of) moving fast or doing sth in a short time. A quick worker/ reader q quick to respond, react, learn b) done in a shot time.

have a quick meal.

rapid: a) moving r acting with great sped; fast:

Ask several questions in rapid succession.

b) happening in a short time, prompt (Oxford Dictionary, 1989).

Fast (adj) is the opposite of slow. As an adjective, fast means moving, happening, or action with speed or able to move from.

rapid: means fast in movement.

quick: means fast in  learning or understanding or doing something. He gave a quick answer to the question.

Fast (adv Fast tells how someone moves or acts or how something happens or is done. Synonyms for the adverb fast have the same meanings as the synonyms for the adjective fast. (Schiller et al, 1969: 155-156)

Finish and End

End as a verb, means stop doing something or come to the part of something. It is the opposite of begin and start. Finish and Complete mean end naturally what you started to do. You finish something when you have done everything that is necessary to end it.

End (N) is the last point to which something can go. It can mean the last part of something. End is the opposite of beginning. The finish is the end of something that has been started or begun. Finish is usually used for the end of something that has been started or begun. Finish is usually used for the end of a race or fight. (Schiller et al, 1969: 138)

Game and play

Game (N) form of play or sport with rules. Play (N) activity done for amusement, esp children, recreation. ( Oxford Dictionary, 1989)

Hard and Difficult

Difficult are problems that must be given much thought before can be solved. You might use difficult when you talk of problem or task that makes you use your brain or come to some decision.

Hard is the opposite of easy. It usually describes something that takes strenuous exercise or action or work. You may not have to think to do something hard. You do have to think to do something difficult. If something is hard to do, It is not impossible to do, but it will take a lot of work and strength and may be a lot of time. It’s hard to move a piano, but it’s difficult to play it. (Schiller et al, 1969:118)

House and Home

A house is any building use for dwelling in, and home is the particular house in which one is living. “Home” may also denote one’s own country. When an Englishman say, “I am going home this summer" he means going to England.

( Fitikides, 1963: 503)

Little and Small

Small refers to size. It is the opposite of big or large. Little ( as an adjective) is generally used to express some emotion, as well as the idea of smallness. This can be for example, attention, amusement, disgust, contempt. Little is mostly used in attributive position. (before a noun). (Swan, 1980: 555)

Little is the opposite of big or large. Little means less than other things in value or size.

You can use small and tiny instead of little when you are talking about the size of some object. You might speak of a small child or a tiny child.

You wouldn’t use small or tiny if you were talking about the amount of something. A little candy usually means a few pieces of candy. A small or tiny candy would mean one piece that was very little. ( Schlller et al, 1969: 232)

Meet and Visit

Meet: a) come face to face with (sb) ; come together: b) come together formally for discussion.

Visit: a) go or come to see ( a person, place, etc) either socially on business or for some other purpose. B) to or come to see ( a place, an institution, etc) in order to make an official examination or check. (Oxford Dictionary, 1989)

Mr and Sir

Mr 1) title that comes before the ( first name and the) surname of a man. Mister:

Mr (John) Brown. Mr and Mrs Brown. 2 (fm1) title for certain men in official position: Mr chairman. ( esp US) Mr president.

Sir: 1a) used as a polite way of addressing a man. Yes, sir. b) used as a rorm at address by school children to a male teacher 2. sir ( used at the beginning of a formal letter): Dear sir 3. sir/ s6(r)/(title used before the first name of knight or baronet. Sir”Edwad”. Sir “John Jackson” (Oxford Dictionary, 1989)

See, Look and Watch

See : means take in the sight of something. You see a movie when you are looking at one thing.

Look or look at: means take in or understand something by using the eyes. To look you focus your at: means take in or understand something by using the eyes. To look you focus your eyes on something. She looked at the sky and saw millions of stars.

Watch: means look at or observe for a long time in order to follow the movement of something in order to be ready for something. Watch can mean look for something or someone. Watch also means keep a close eye on something or someone. ( Schiller et al. 1969: 139)

See, Look and Watch

See is used we just want to say that visual impressions come to our eyes. Seeing is not always deliberate. It may be accidental. You can see things without thinking about them and even without realizing that you are seeing them.

Look (at): suggests concern… Intention; if we look, we are pay attention or trying to see what is there.

Watch is like look, but suggests that something is happening or going to happen.

We usually use see to talk about public performance of plays and films. “Did you watch the Avengers last night” ( A TV serials) Have you seen “last Tango in Paris”? ( A film) We saw an extraordinary production of “Hamlet” last summer. ( Swan, 1980: 368)

Say, Call, Talk, Speak and Tell

Say: is used so often that it has become one of the most tired words in our language. When you say something, you are expressing a thought by means of spoken words.

Call: means say loudly. Call means a sound with your voice in order to get someone attention.

Talk: means express a thought or share ideas with some in by using your voice and forming words. Talk usually suggests that you say words to someone who listens to you and then replies. “People talk to each other” But it is possible to talk to someone or to something that does not listen or reply. “little girls often talk to their dolls”

Speak: means say words whether you are talking to someone or not. Some people speak several languages.

Tell: usually means give information to someone by speaking. You could tell your brother a bedtime story. ( Schiller et al, 1969: 202, 203)

Speak and Talk

Speak is more formal, not so conversational. ( just as a speech is more formal than talk)

Talk usually suggests the idea of a conversations exchange. Speak can be used of language by just one person. Speak ( and not usually talk) is used to refer to knowledge of language and usually also to the use of language.
”He speaks three languages fluently”

Talk ( and not usually speak ) is used in expressions like nonsense, Talk rubbish.

(Swan, 1980: 567)

Street and Avenue

Street: ( abbr St) public road in a city, town or village with houses and buildings on one side or both sides.

Avenue 1) wide road or path, often lined with trees, esp one that leads to a large house.

               2) ( abbr Ave)  wide street lined with trees or tall buildings.

In a town, street is the most general word for a road lined with buildings. In British English street is not used for roads outside towns but street in towns may have the word Road in their names.

An Alley or Lane is a narrow street between buildings.

An  Avenue is usually a wide street of houses, often in the suburbs and lined with trees. ( In US cities avenue often run at right angles to street). Roads

(US high ways) connect towns and villages. 

My brother

Everymorning  as I wake up I think of you as a hero that came into my life.            More and more you appeared to me when I was in strife .

Afraid I could not live without you in my life .

I only prayed  everyday and night.

To have a brother like you by my side'

When I was hurt so many times

You never let me down.

Therefore I am proud

To call you a true brother.

Even though I know you 're not a child of my mother.

To me you'll always be

Remembered you see'

As a person who saved my life

Forever  the memory will seem right.

Professions and Jobs

Professions and Jobs - People

accountant

actor

air steward

architect

assistant

personal assistant

shop assistant

author

baker

barman / barmaid / bar person

builder

businessman / businesswoman / executive

butcher

caretaker

chef

civil servant

clerk

computer operator / programmer

cook

decorator

dentist

designer

director

company director

film director

doctor

driver bus / taxi / train driver

garbageman (refuse collector)

economist

editor

electrician

engineer

farmer

fisherman

fishmonger

flight attendant

hairdresser

head teacher

jeweler

journalist

judge

lawyer

lecturer

manager

miner

musician

news reader / news presenter

nurse

optician

painter

photographer

pilot

plumber

police officer

politician

porter

printer

prison officer / warder

receptionist

sailor

salesman / saleswoman /salesperson

scientist

secretary

soldier

solicitor

surgeon

tailor

teacher

telephonist

telephone operator

travel agent

TV cameraman

TV presenter

vet

waiter

writer

Health and Healthcare

Health and Healthcare - Illnesses

ache

ear ache

headache

stomach ache

toothache

cancer

cold

cough

flu

heart attack

heart disease

infection

infectious disease

pain

virus

Health and Healthcare - Minor Injuries

bruise

cut

graze

wound

Health and Healthcare - Treatment

bandage

check-up

dose (of medicine)

drugs

injection

give some an injection

medicine

take medicine

operation

pain-killer

pill

plaster

tablet

tranquilizer

Health and Healthcare - People

dentist

doctor

general practitioner

midwife

nurse

patient

specialist

surgeon

Health and Healthcare - Places

hospital

operating theatre

surgery

waiting room

ward

Health and Healthcare - Verbs

catch

cure

heal

hurt

injure

operate on

prescribe

prescription

treat

treatment

Health and Healthcare - Adjectives

fit

ill

sick

feel sick

be sick

vomit

healthy

unhealthy

painful

unwell

well

Food

Food - Condition

fresh

off

past its sell-by date

raw

ripe

rotten

tough

undercooked

unripe

overcooked

Food - Verbs

bake

boil

cook

fry

grill

heat

microwave

poach

roast

steam

stew

Food - Quantities

bar

liter

loaf

lump

piece

pint

portion

slice

spoonful

Food - Taste

bitter

bland

creamy

crisp

crunchy

hot

mild

salty

savory

sickly

sour

spicy

stodgy

sweet

tasteless

Food - Types

barbecue

buffet

four-course meal

picnic

snack

TV dinner

Food - Eating and Drinking

bite

chew

swallow

sip

Food - Preparing Drinks

add

fill

mix

pour

shake

stir

Food - Other Related Words

crumbs

fast food

non-fattening

helping

pastry

slimming

sticky

Family and Relationships

Family and Relationships - Families

aunt

brother elder / older brother

cousin

daughter

father

grandchild

granddaughter / son

grandfather / mother

(grandparent (s

great-grandchild

husband

ex-husband

in-laws

son-in law, etc.

mother

niece

nephew

parents

sister

son

step-father

step-daughter, etc.

twin

twin-sister/ brother

uncle

(widow (woman

widower (man

(wife

ex-wife

Family and Relationships - Marital Relationships

divorced

engaged

married / unmarried

separated

single

widowed

Family and Relationships - Verbs

(get divorced (from

(get engaged (to

(get married (to

get on (well) with someone

marry someone

start / end a relationship with someone

Family and Relationships - Other Related Words

acquaintance

boss

colleague

employee

employer

fiancé

fiancée

friend

best friend

neighbor

partner

Environment

Environment - Important Issues

acid rain

aerosol

animal welfare

carbon monoxide

climate

conversation

endangered species

energy

nuclear energy

solar energy

exhaust fumes

fertilizers

forest fires

global warming

greenhouse effect

(non)-renewable resources

nuclear

nuclear fallout

nuclear reactor

oil-slick

ozone layer

pesticide

pollution

protected animal

rain forest

unleaded petrol

waste

nuclear waste

radio-active waste

wildlife

Environment - Natural Disasters

drought

earthquake

flood

tidal wave

typhoon

volcanic eruption

Environment - Politics

environmental group

green issues

pressure group

Environment - Verbs

cut down

destroy

dispose (of)

dump

protect

pollute

recycle

save

throw away

use up

Entertainment - People

actor

actress

artist

audience

backing group

ballerina

choreographer

cast

composer

conductor

dancer

director

drummer

guitarist (lead / bass)

magician

musician

orchestra

painter

pianist

playwright

producer

saxophonist

sculptor

singer

vocalist

violinist

Entertainment - Arts and Crafts

carving

drawing

knitting

painting

pottery

sculpture

sewing

Entertainment - Artistic Events

ballet

concert

exhibition

film

play

opera

Entertainment - Inside the Theater

aisle

box

circle

curtain

footlight

gallery

lighting

microphone

orchestra pit

row

screen

scenery

set

speaker

stage

stalls

wings

workshop

Entertainment - Places

art gallery

cinema

concert hall

exhibition center

museum

opera house

stadium

theater

Entertainment - Verbs

applaud

boo

conduct

exhibit

perform

play (a part)

Education - Subjects

Education

Education - Subjects

archaeology

art

business studies

dance

drama

economics

games (sport)

geography

geology

history

home economics

foreign (modern) languages

math

mathematics

music

physical education

psychology

religious education

science

biology

chemistry

botany

physics

sociology

technology

Education - Exams

cheat

examine

examiner

examination

fail

get through

pass

take / sit an exam

retake

revise for

study for

test

Education - Qualifications

certificate

degree

BA

MA

B.Sc.

M.sc.

Ph.D.

diploma

Education - People

graduate

head-teacher

infant

lecturer

pupil

schoolboy

schoolgirl

student

teacher

instructor

undergraduate

Education - General

educate

education

educator

qualification

qualify

revise

revision

Crime

Crime - Crimes

arson

assault

blackmail

burglary

fraud

hijacking

hooliganism

kidnapping

mugging

Crime - Criminals

mugger

murderer

robber

shoplifter

smuggler

terrorist

thief

vandal

Crime - Justice System

appeal

barrister

caution

cell

community service

court

court case

death penalty

defense

fine

gaol, jail

guilty

imprisonment

innocent

judge

jury

justice

lawyer

offence

sentence

prison

probation

prosecution

punishment

capital punishment

corporal punishment

remand home

solicitor

trial

verdict

witness

Crime - Verbs

arrest

ban

break in

break out

break the law

burgle

charge

commit a crime

escape

get away

get away with

hold up

investigate

rob

steal

Crime - Other Related Words

alibi

armed

burglar

car alarm

alarm

legal

illegal

store detective

private detective

weapon

Clothes - General

Clothes - General

anorak

belt

blouse w

cardigan

dress w

gloves

jacket

jeans

jumper

overalls

overcoat

pullover

raincoat

scarf

shirt

sweat-shirt

T-shirt

tie

skirt w

mini-skirt w

shorts

socks

suit

sweater

trousers

Clothes - Sportswear

jogging suit

tracksuit

bikini w

swimming costume /swimming-suit w

swimming trunks m

Clothes - Footwear

boots

sandals

slippers

shoes

trainers

sneakers

Clothes - Underwear

bra w

knickers w

panties w

pants

tights w

vest

Clothes - Headgear

beret

cap

hat

helmet

Clothes - Natural Materials

cotton

denim

leather

linen

rubber

silk

suede

wool

woolen

Clothes - Artificial Materials

plastic

nylon

polyester

Clothes - Fashion

designer

fashion

fashionable

fashion-conscious

trend

trendy

unfashionable

Clothes - Patterns

Clothes - Other Related Words

check

checked

flowery

patterned

plain

spot

spotted

stripe

striped

tartan

contact lenses

earrings

glasses

hairband

jewelry

ring

Celebrations ـ words

barbecue

christening

family gathering

fete

funeral

get-together

anniversary party

birthday party

cocktail party

dinner party

fancy dress party

party

wedding

Celebrations - Other Celebrations

bonfire

commemorate

costume

firework

display

flag

float

parade

procession

site

Vocabulary Word Groups - The Body

The Body - Arms and Hands

elbow

finger

index finger / middle / little / ring

finger nail

fist

forearm

hand / left and right

palm

thumb

wrist

The Body - Heads and Shoulders

chin

cheek

ear

eye

eyebrow

eyelash

forehead

hair

head

lip

mouth

neck

nose

nostril

jaw

shoulder

tooth (teeth)

tongue

throat

The Body - Legs and Feet

ankle

calf

foot (feet)

heel

hips

knee

leg

shin

thigh

toe

big toe little toe

toenail

The Body - The Trunk or Torso

bottom

chest

back

stomach

waist

Words Related to All Parts of the Body

blood

bone

hair

muscle

skin

The Body - Verbs Used with Different Parts of the Body

blink	eyes
glance	eyes
stare	eyes
wink	eye
point	finger
scratch	finger
kick	foot
clap	hands
punch	hands
shake	hands
slap	hands
smack	hands
nod	head
shake	head
kiss	lips
whistle	lips / mouth
eat	mouth
mutter	mouth
talk	mouth
taste	mouth
whisper	mouth
breathe	mouth / nose
smell	nose
sniff	nose
shrug	shoulders
bite	mouth
chew	mouth
stub	toe
lick	tongue
swallow	throat

Idioms and Expressions - Like

eat like a horse

Definition: usually eat a lot of food

Tom eats like a horse! Make sure to grill three hamburgers for him.
He doesn't usually eat like a horse.

eat like a bird

Definition: usually eat very little food

She eats like a bird, so don't make too much for dinner.
He weighs 250 pounds even though he eats like a bird.

feel like a million

Definition: feel very good and happy

I'm feeling like a million today.

Color Idioms

Many people feared that the new millennium would cause black outs because of problems with electricity production. Black out: loss of electricity

What a beautiful car! I'm green with envy. Be green with envy: very, very jealous of another person's property

Don't rely on him under pressure in battle. He's yellow. Be yellow: be a coward

There is so much red tape that needs to be completed before adopting a baby. Red tape: bureaucracy

Jack Thomas was put on Hollywood's black list during the McArthy era. Black list: list of unwanted people

She was such a difficult child that her family always treated her like a black sheep. Black sheep: a minority in a small group, often considered "bad" by the majority of the group

Mr. Jackson is very important to the success of this program. Make sure to roll out the red carpet when he arrives. Roll out the red carpet: give the best treatment

We're looking for a new home in the green belt. Green belt: the countryside around a city

It's not quite as black and white as you think. Black and white: simple, clear and understandable

Try to cheer Susan up. She is feeling rather blue these days. Feel blue: depressed

I had to tell a white lie in order to get accepted into the program. White lie: small, insignificant lie

Jack gave me the green light on the project. Give the green light: approve a project or request

ََArticles

Why, How, and When Should My Child Learn a

Second Language

Kathleen Marcos

Most experts agree that the earlier a child is introduced to a second language, the greater the chances are that the child will become truly proficient in the language. A February 1996 Newsweek article made the claim that "A child taught a second language after the age of 10 or so is unlikely ever to speak it like a native." This statement is supported by linguists and has been proven in extensive research studies.

In addition to developing a lifelong ability to communicate with more people, children may derive other benefits from early language instruction, including improved overall school performance and superior problem-solving skills. Knowing a second language ultimately provides a competitive advantage in the work force by opening up additional job opportunities.