Negative aspects of relationships

Javed has been disloyal to me on a number of occasions. (unfaithful, treacherous)

Jane is always critical of her friends. I do not like that. (serious, grave etc)

OK, I was dishonest with you. I’m sorry, but I didn’t want to hurt you. (lying, untruthful, fraudulent)

Breakdowns: Expressions and Collocations

Relationships can break down due to genuine misunderstandings

A rift (serious disagreement that divides people) can develop between two people

There’s been a lot of discord (disagreement and discontent) in the office lately

My father and I don’t see eye to eye (have different opinions) on most things

His relation with Mary has turned sour (become bad). I think they will split up (separate)

Our marriage has had its ups and downs (had good and bad moments), but basically we are OK

Some more phrases and their meanings:

A bumpy relationship (up and down like a car on road with bumps)

A broken home (a family split up by divorce)

A family feud (quarrel in a family causing bad feeling for many years)

Some Words for Positive Relationships

When Kevin met Christine it was love at first sight. (love beg an the first moment they saw each other)

He fell head over heels in love with her. (feel deeply in love)

Peter only has eyes for Lara. (is only attracted to)

Their relation is purely platonic. (affectionate relationship between people)

Selena was more than infatuated (romantically obsessed), she was completely besotted with him (blindly and stupidly in love)

Phrases/Words that describe friendships and other positive relationships

Ramya and I hit off immediately (liked each other the moment we met). We are true soul mates (people who feel very close to each other).

Razia was my mother’s lifelong companion. (a friend who has been with her all her life)

The moment I met Prasoon, I could see he was a man after my own heart.(someone who thinks exactly the way you think)

Sridevi and I get on like a house on fire. (have an enjoyable relationship)

Amit and Sreedhar have been bosom friends/buddies/pals for years. (very close friends)

Anam and Aparna are inseparable. (always want to be together)

There’s always been a close bond between Kirsten and her aunt. (a feeling of togetherness)

One word substitutes for positive relationships

To be very similar to someone- the way you think and look at life

Kindred spirits

To be perfect for each other

Well-matched couple

Feeling a bond for brothers and sisters

Family ties

put the pin lid on it

put the pin lid on it

=================== 

to make matters ten times worse

cut

chop to cut vegetables, meat, or wood into pieces
slice to cut bread, vegetables, or meat into thin pieces
 

dice to cut vegetables into small pieces
 

peel to cut the outside part off an onion, apple etc 

grate to cut cheese or vegetables into small pieces by rubbing them against a special tool
 

carve to cut pieces from a large piece of meat
 

saw to cut wood using a special tool called a saw
 

chop down to cut down a tree, using an axe
 

snip to cut something quickly using scissors
 

shave to remove hair from your face or body
 

trim to remove small parts of something to make it look neat
 

mow to cut grass
 

prune to cut off the top part of plants, in order to make them grow better cut

one's head is swimming

 feel giddy==dizzy == one's head is swimming 

============================= 

feeling unsteady or unable to balance 

English words for emotions

A

angry: "She was angry with her boss for criticising her work"  

annoyed: "I'm very annoyed with him. He hasn't returned any of my calls" 

"She was annoyed by his comments"  

appalled = very shocked: They were appalled to hear that they would lose their jobs 

apprehensive = slightly worried: I felt a little apprehensive before my interview  

ashamed: How could you say such a thing? You should be ashamed of yourself

at the end of your tether = completely fed up: "The children have been misbehaving all day – I'm at the end of my tether

'Bio' Vocabulary

 biofuel 

==============

Biofuel is defined as solid, liquid or gaseous fuel obtained from lifeless or living biological material and is similar to fossil fuels, which are derived from long dead biological material. Also, various plants and plant-derived materials are used 

Nowadays, due to the green movement, people are looking at alternative energy sources that are less harmful than oil and gas products. Biofuel is an alternative source because this type of energy is produced from burning plant and animal waste material 

biodiversity 

=============== 

the variety of plants and animals in a particular place 

There is a lot of biodiversity in the Amazon rain forests. This means there is a lot of variety when it comes to living species (both animals and plants) in that lush environment 

biodegradable 

================== 

materials, chemicals etc that are biodegradable are changed naturally by bacteria into substances that do not harm the environment ≠ non biodegradable 

You can't just throw that plastic bottle in the street. It's not biodegradable. That means it will not break down and decompose into the natural environment because it's plastic  

biohazards  

============== 

۱. A biological agent, such as an infectious microorganism, or a condition that constitutes a threat to humans, especially in biological research or experimentation2. The potential danger, risk, or harm from exposure to such an agent or condition 

 

Many governments around the world try to prevent biohazards so they have implemented rules and regulations that must be followed before and after scientific experiments. These are health dangers that can result from experimentation gone awry 

 

 

 

 

biodata 

================ 

information regarding an individual's education and work history, esp in the context of a selection process 

 

Most family doctors keep records, in the form of biodata, that refer to specific medical information about each patient. For example, doctors will record patients' ages, blood types etc 

 

 

 biologist  

================ 

someone who studies or works in biology 

 

An educated person who studies all living organisms in various natural environments is called a biologist 

   Biographers 

================  

someone who writes a biography of someone else 

 

Biographers write about others' life stories. This type of author writes about someone else's life history 

 

 

 

warfare 

=============== 

the activity of fighting in a war - used especially when talking about particular methods of fighting 

 

Biological warfare is a very scary thing. This is when militaries use toxic, micro-organisms as weaponry 

 

  

autobiography 

=================== 

a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type ↪ biography 

 

If a person writes a story based on his/her own life history, this true story is called an autobiography 

 

 

 

 

Biology 

================ 

the scientific study of living things  

 

Biology is the study of living organisms and how they interact with one another in various, natural environments

Friends 

----------------  

friendly  

============= 

behaving towards someone in a way that shows you like them and are ready to talk to them or help them ≠ unfriendly

 

She is a very friendly person. She is kind and easygoing. I like her a lot 

 

 

 

friendship  

============ 

a relationship between friends 

I really value your friendship. I don't know what I'd do without you, and I want to be your friend for a long time  

 

 

 

 eco-friendly ===environmentally-friendly   

======================== 

products that are environmentally friendly do not harm the environment when they are made or when you use them 

That detergent is environmentally-friendly because it's made from natural ingredients. It's a green product; it doesn't have harsh chemicals in it 

 

 

unfriendly   

============ 

not kind or friendly

Thomas is an unfriendly person. He never smiles and it seems like he's always in a bad mood 

 

 

friendly fire  

==================== 

 bombs, bullets etc that accidentally kill people who are fighting on  

 the same side 

 

The military unit took part in a friendly fire exercise yesterday. All of the weaponry they tested worked well 

 

 

user-friendly  

============== 

easy to use, understand, or operate

 

That computer program is very user-friendly. It's easy to use and I'm glad we bought it 

 

 

 

friendless  

==============

having no friends and no one to help you  

 

I feel like I'm friendless these days. I'm so busy with work that I've lost touch with many old friends. I don't have any time for socializing. I wish I had the time to make more friends
 

 

 

befriend   

to behave in a friendly way towards someone, especially someone who is younger or needs help 

Kevin befriended Sam when Sam really needed it. Sam was going through a difficult time, and really needed a friend to talk to about his problems 

 

 

fair weather friend  

================ 

someone who only wants to be your friend when you are successful

 

Martha is a fair weather friend. She is never there when I have a problem. If I call her to talk about my problems, she tells me that she is busy and hangs up quickly 

 

foe  

========== 

an enemy

 

The opposite of a friend is a foe

======================  

Hula Hoop

 Hula Hoop 

=========

a large plastic ring which you swing around your waist by moving your hips 

 

Idioms with come

Idioms with come 

Can you repeat that===؟Come again 

reprimand==come down hard on  

was revealed ==came to light  

come up with ===discover 

happened==come true 

came down with == got sick with 

comes down to ==is because of 

coming in for ==going to go through 

came out of===suddenly appeared 

come to terms with ==objectively and entirely confront and understand

vendetta

vendetta 

=============== 

a situation in which one person or group tries for a long time to harm another person 

Dressing up

 Dressing up 

=========== 

Dressing up is putting on more formal clothes 

Dressing down 

================= 

 Dressing down is putting on more casual clothes  

 

Ways of agreeing

Ways of agreeing 

======== 

I'm certainly with you on that 

I'm of a like mind on that, too   

  we definitely see eye to eye on that one  

In that respect we are of target mind on that 

I can't argue with that 

Let's handle on that 

There's only one word I can use now to show my agreement and that's -- execute 

There's absolutely no doubt whatsoever that you're right 

I'll establish that in writing to show my acceptance 

The tendencies seem eminently suitable to me 

Hobby Horse

Hobby Horse 

============== 

A hobbyhorse is a child's riding toy 

holly

 holly  

==========

a small tree with sharp dark green leaves and red berries (berry), or the leaves and berries of this tree used as a decoration at Christmas 

Prepositional Phrases

I want everyone to be quiet at once 

at once 

========= 

immediately or without delay 

My wife is at odds with my mother 

be at odds  

============== 

to disagree 

Our neighbor is at large right now

be at large   

============= 

if a dangerous person or animal is at large, they have escaped from somewhere or have not been caught  

 To this day, I have no idea what made him snap. He just got really angry one day and beat up his co-worker 

To this day  

=========== 

until and including now 

You have to take him at face value. There is no hidden agenda and he is not trying to pull the wool over your eyes 

take something at face value  

=========  

to accept a situation or accept what someone says, without thinking there may be a hidden meaning

Paul hit that man for good reason 

for good reason  

============  

To my astonishment, I won the lottery last week  

To my astonishment 

===================  

complete surprise

bookish

bookish 

========== 

someone who is bookish is more interested in reading and studying than in sports or other activities 

capable hands

capable hands 

=============== 

someone who is able to do something well 

Helen was put in the capable hands of hair stylist Daniel Herson 

two

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush   

============== 

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush as they say when you have at least one definite thing in contrast to two uncertain things

It wouldn't take much for me to cancel that trip in fact for two pins I think I will 

=========== 

it means that if given only the smallest reason or encouragement, you will cancel the trip 

Quite honestly I really can't decide which one to choose  I'm what you might say in two minds 

 ======================  

It means you are not able to decide

 

===================== 

in two shakes of a lamb's tail is an idiom which means in a very short period of time/very fast/in no time 

I'll see to that in two ticks and it'll be all over in a minute 

=================== 

The meaning of 'in two ticks' is clear in no time, right 

You honestly can't tell one twin from another as they are like as two peas in a pod 

=================== 

exactly the same in appearance, behaviour etc 

I worked out the answer in the end by putting two and two together 

===================== 

If you put two and two together you make a logical connection between two facts 

I honestly wouldn't trust either of them. They both think the same way and they're two of a kind=================== 

two, three etc people or things that are very similar 

there are no two ways about it 

ّّّّّّّI can see you're angry and want to do the same to them but remember that two wrongs don't make a right

I promise I'll be very quick indeed and I'll be back in two shakes of a lamb's tail

slangs

The gang leader told his followers to waste their rivals on the weekend. They are all  wanted criminals now 

to waste ====to kill  

Do you think I could borrow your wheels? I have an important appointment this afternoon 

 

 

wheels====car 

 

My cousin is a computer whiz. He maintains my system for me 

 

whiz====wizard 

 

 

I have to drink some coffee so I can get wired before the big exam 

 

 

get wired ====be very alert  

 

 

 

Oh, stop being such a wuss. The bridge isn't even that high

 

wuss====wimp  

 

 

My niece said her food was yukky 

 

yukky====bad 

 

 

 can't do one more thing right now. I'm spent 

 

spent====exhausted 

 

  

Who's up for some pizza

 

Who's up for ..... pizza==== Who wants 

 

  

 

The door is in good shape. But, it does have a nick in the lower left corner 

 

nick=====small scratch or dent 

 

 

 

Nukes are very dangerous weapons. They could destroy mankind for good 

 

 

Nukes===== Nuclear weapons