BY
Use 'by' with the following nouns:
Example: I paid the bill by check.
Example: I broke the vase by mistake.
Example: I'm afraid I brought the wrong book by mistake.
Example: I saw Jack at the supermarket by chance.
Example: The opera 'Otello' is by Giuseppe Verdi.
FOR
Use 'for' with the following nouns:
Example: Let's go for a walk.
Example: We went for a swim as soon as we arrived.
Example: Would you like to come over for a drink?
Example: I'd love to come for a visit sometime.
Example: I had bacon and eggs for breakfast.
IN
Use 'in' with the following nouns:
Example: I fell in love with my wife at first sight.
Example: In my opinion, we need to invest in some development.
ON
Use 'on' with the following nouns:
Example: Help! The house is on fire!
Example: I think Tom is on the phone at the moment.
Example: There is a good film on television tonight.
Example: Mahler's fifth was on the radio last night.
Example: I really need to go on a diet.
Example: The sanitary engineers have gone on strike again.
Example: I really need to go on vacation soon.
Example: He went away this weekend on business.
Example: We were on a trip this past weekend.
Example: Have you ever been on a tour of the French countryside?
Example: We went on an excursion to Versailles when we were in Paris.